About UsCOSMOS is a research network focused on social movements and contentious politics, promoting theoretically-driven empirical analyses across diverse political contexts.[Submitter's Note: This StratML rendition was compiled from the source by ChatGPT and edited in the XForm at https://stratml.us/forms2/Part1Form.xml]Centre on Social Movement StudiesCOSMOS_d06fa2bc-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea00A research network based at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Scuola Normale Superiore, Florence, focusing on social movements and their impact on democratization and political processes.Donatella della PortaDirector ^^ Donatella Della Porta is professor of political science, founding dean of the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences and Director of the PhD program in Political Science and Sociology at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Florence, where she also leads the Center on Social Movement Studies (Cosmos). ^^ Among the main topics of her research: social movements, political violence, terrorism, corruption, the police and protest policing. She has directed a major ERC project Mobilizing for Democracy, on civil society participation in democratization processes in Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Latin America. ^^ In 2011, she was the recipient of the Mattei Dogan Prize for distinguished achievements in the field of political sociology; in 2021, she received the Research Awards of the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung in recognition of her lifetime’s research activities. In 2022, she has been nominated International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and, in 2023, member of the Accademia dei Lincei. In 2024, she has received the John D. McCarthy Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Scholarship of Social Movements and Collective Behavior, She is Honorary Doctor of the universities of Lausanne, Bucharest, Goteborg, Jyvaskyla, Cyprus and the University of Peloponnese. ^^ She is the author or editor of 100 books and more than150 journal articles and 150 contributions in edited volumes (h Index 101; 57000 citations). Among her recent books are: Guerra all'antisemitismo? Il panico morale cme strumento di repressione politica (Altreconomia, 2024) Partecipare e comunicare durante una pandemia (Il Mulino, 2024): Contentious Politics in Emergency Critical Junctures (Cambridge University Press, 2022); Labour conflicts in the digital age (Bristol University Press 2022, with R. Chesta and L. Cini), The encyclopedia of political and social movements (Wiley, 2nd edition. 2022, with D. Snow, D. McAdam and B. Klandermans), Resisting the Backlash: Street Protest in Italy (Routledge, 2022), with Alberto Vannucci, La corruzione come sistema (Il Mulino, 2021), with Elias Steinhilper (eds.), Contentious Migrant Solidarity (Routledge, 2021), with Lorenzo Cini and Cesar Guzman (eds.), Student Movements in Late Neoliberalism. Forms of Organization, Alliances, and Outcomes (Springer, 2021); Social Movements: An introduction, 3rd edition (Blackwell, 2020); Can Social Movements Save Democracy? (Polity, 2020), Die schoene neue Demokratie. Ueber das potentiale soziale Bewegungen (Campus Verlag, 2020), with Lorenzo Cini and Cesar Guzman, Contesting Higher Education (Bristol University Press, 2020), with Pietro Castelli Gattinara, Andrea Felicetti, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Discoursive Turns and Critical Junctures, Oxford University Press, 2020).Lorenzo BosiFaculty ^^ Lorenzo Bosi is Associate Professor in Sociology at the Scuola Normale Superiore. He has received his Ph.D. in politics from Queen’s University, Belfast, in 2005 and is the past recipient of the ECRC (University of Kent), Jean Monnet and Marie Curie (EUI) post-doctorate fellowships. He is a political sociologist pursuing comparative analysis into the cross-disciplinary fields of social movements and political violence. He has directed and collaborated on a number of national and international research projects on topics relating to social movements, political violence, and political participation. ^^ Since 2013, he is a Research Fellow of the Centre on Social Movement Studies -- COSMOS at the European University Institute till January 2014 and now hosted by the Scuola Normale Superiore. Since 2014, he is also part of the editorial boards of the academic journals Mobilization and Partecipazione e Conflitto -- Participation and Conflict. He is one of the two chairs of the Social Movements SN at the European Sociological Association (ESA). ^^ For the next years his main research agenda is to investigate those socio-spatial relations between armed groups and their constituencies that drive shifting forms of political violence. In doing so he will seek to develop an analytical framework based on the notion of socio-spatial relation, which integrates sociological and geographical dimensions. ^^ Research interests: political violence, qualitative research, political sociology, and social movements outcomesManuela CaianiFaculty ^^ Manuela Caiani is Associate Professor in Political Science at the Scuola Normale Superiore, where she is part of the COSMOS (Centre on Social Movement Studies) research team. She has received her Ph.D. in political science from the University of Florence, Italy, in 2006 and is the past recipient of various post doctoral fellowships (Doctoral TRA Fellowship, START Center, 2009, University of Maryland, USA), among which the Marie Curie (Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid) grant. She has received her national Italian Abilitazione for full professorship in Political Science and in Political Sociology, in 2017. ^^ Her research focuses on Social Movements and Europeanization/transnationalization; Far Right Politics; Extremism online; Populism; Movement-parties; Qualitative methods of social research. She is Convenor of the Standing Group ‘Political Participation and Social Movements’ of the Italian Political Science Association (SISP) and Coordinator of the Master in Political Science and Sociology of the Scuola Normale Superiore. She is Co-director of the International Observatory on Social Cohesion and Inclusion-OCIS, https://osservatoriocoesionesociale.eu/. ^^ Prof. Caiani has directed and collaborated in various international projects (Horizon projects; Volkswagen Foundation; Europe for Citizens Programme; FP4, FP5, FP7; PRIN; Jean Monnet; Research Grant Jubilaumsfonds, ONB). ^^ She has published in, among others, the following peer-reviewed journals: Social Movement Studies, EJPR, Mobilization, Acta Politica, West European Politics, Government and Opposition, European Union Politics, South European Society and Politics, RISP; & for the following publishers: Oxford University Press, Ashgate, Palgrave, Routledge. ^^ Her main research agenda for the coming years is to investigate the transnationalisation and diffusion of reactionary contention (radical right movements, anti-gender, etc.). In doing so, she will seek to develop an analytical framework based on the notion of transnationalism and mechanisms that integrates social movement studies and party politics.Daniela ChironiFaculty ^^ My main research interest concerns the relation between social movements and party change. Indeed, my thesis is about the role of social movements in setting off significant organizational changes within the more innovative left-wing parties in Western Europe. This current work is an extension at the European level of my graduation thesis. In fact, I graduated in Political Science at the Florence University, with a dissertation on “The radical left parties in bipolar Italy”. Since 2008, I'm also involved in a national research on the transformations of the Italian political parties, financed by the Ministry of University and Research and conducted by three universities. For this research, I work in particular on the Communist and post-Communist galaxy. Another research field in which I’m interested are the Media studies. I’m specialized in Political Consultancy and Communication and I earn my Bachelor’s Degree in Media Studies and Journalism. At that step, my thesis focused on the communication strategies of social movements during the season of Social Forums. In addition, I worked as radio and print media journalist. Finally, my interests outside the academy, again concern political and social life. In the past, I have been active in the alter-globalization movement and currently I’m taking part in the global commons movement. Moreover, I often organize cultural events, series of independent movie screenings, initiatives for the social use of public areas. ^^ Research interests: political parties and political communicationMarco DeseriisFaculty ^^ Marco Deseriis is Associate Professor in the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences at the Scuola Normale Superiore. His research combines critical perspectives in media studies, cultural studies, democratic theory and social movement studies to explore cultural and political dimensions of Internet-based activism and emerging forms of political organization in the network society. More specifically, his current research focuses on the political values embedded in the design of digital platforms and AI systems, and the impact of such values on democratic participation, political representation, and the organization of political parties and social movements. ^^ Prof. Deseriis has published the monographs Piattaforme e Parteciapzione Politica (Mondadori, 2024), Improper Names: Collective Pseudonyms from the Luddites to Anonymous (University of Minnesota Press, 2015), and Net.Art: L'arte della Connessione (Shake Edizioni, 2008, co-authored with Giuseppe Marano). He has also published articles in leading international journals in media and communication studies, including New Media & Society, Information, Communication & Society, Theory, Culture & Society, International Journal of Communication, the Journal of Communication Inquiry, and Science, Technology & Human Values, among others. ^^ Marco won prestigious grants such as the European Commission's Marie Curie Individual Fellowship for the research project Scalable Democracy, which he conducted at the Scuola Normale Superiore in 2016-18, and the Andrew Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowship in Transnational Media, which he received from Eugene Lang College The New School of New York in 2011-12. ^^ Before joining the Scuola Normale, he was an assistant professor in the Program of Media and Screen Studies at Northeastern University, Boston. He holds a Phd from New York University (2011). ^^ Research interests: Digital democracy, technopolitics, hacktivism, social movement media, and movement partiesCesar Guzman-ConchaFaculty ^^ Cesar Guzman-Concha is a research fellow in the Scuola Normale Superiore (Pisa), at the Istituto di Scienze Umani e Sociali in Florence. He earned his PhD in Sociology from the University of Barcelona (2012), in the European PhD in Socioeconomic and Statistical Studies, after receiving a MA in Latin American History and a BA in Sociology from the University of Chile (Santiago). His previous position was as postdoctoral fellow at Freie Universität Berlin (Germany). His research interests and publications cover topics in contentious politics, social movements in transregional perspective, radical left parties, and research methods, in particular qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and historical comparative analysis. He is currently working on a research project that investigates the sociopolitical consequences of neoliberalism, focusing on student movements' reactions to neoliberal reforms in a number of European and Latin American countries. Cesar has published in English and Spanish, and has received research grants from the European Commission (Alßan programme), the DAAD, the Foundation for Urban and Regional Studies (FURS), the Spanish Ministry of Education, the research agency of the Catalan regional government (AGAUR), and the Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO). ^^ Research interests: Contentious politics, QCA, and radical left partiesChiara MilanFaculty ^^ Chiara Milan is Assistant Professor of Political Sociology in the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences at the Scuola Normale Superiore, where she coordinates the Jean Monnet Network "Transnational Political Contention in Europe" (TraPoCo). She has been Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellow in the Centre for Southeast European Studies at the University of Graz, Austria, and holds a PhD in Political and Social Sciences from the European University Institute. ^^ Professor Milan is the author of Social mobilization beyond ethnicity: Grassroots movements and civic activism in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Routledge, 2020). She has also published several articles in international journals and chapters in edited volumes on social movements and contentious politics in divided societies, exploring their broader significance for political participation and citizenship. ^^ Chiara also worked on right to the city movements, with a specific focus on Southeastern Europe. She is currently working on the mobilization of youth of migrant descent and collective solidarity actions in support of refugees. ^^ Research interests: social movements; urban sociology; sociology of migration; race; citizenship; ethnicity; youth activism.Eugene NulmanFaculty ^^ Eugene Nulman is a postdoctoral researcher at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Scuola Normale Superiore while on a career break as a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Birmingham City University. He is the author of the books Climate Change and Social Movements: Civil Society and the Development of National Climate Change Policy and Coronavirus Capitalism Goes to the Cinema. He specializes in the areas of environmental social movements, social movement outcomes, ideology, and sociology of the media. He has published numerous academic articles including in the journals Environmental Politics; Third World Quarterly; Media, Culture and Society; Current Opinion on Environmental Sustainability; and Journal of Youth Studies. ^^ Research interests: climate change movements, social movement outcomes, enviromental politics, ideology, and sociology of the mediaMartín Portos GarcíaFaculty ^^ Martín Portos is Senior Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Scuola Normale Superiore, Florence (Italy). Before joining SNS, he was CONEX-Plus Marie Curie Fellow and Ramón y Cajal Fellow in Social Sciences at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Spain). He holds a PhD in Political and Social Sciences from the European University Institute, where he wrote an award-winnning thesis on anti-austerity protests in Southern Europe. He has published widely on social movements, (young people’s) political participation, inequalities and nationalism. ^^ Research interests: political participation, austerity, political attitudes, and nationalismLorenzo ZamponiLorenzo Zamponi Faculty ^^ Lorenzo Zamponi is an associate professor of sociology at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Florence. He holds a Ph.D. in Political and Social Sciences from the European University Institute, with a thesis on the relationship between collective memory and social movements. He has worked on research projects on student movements, youth political participation, the economic crisis and solidarity with refugees and is currently working on grassroots climate action. His research interests include memory, contentious politics and media analysis. He is author of three monographs and of several peer-reviewed articles in international journals and book chapters, focusing mainly on anti-austerity protest in Europe, on the cultural elements of social mobilisation and on the emergence of non-protest based forms of collective action. ^^ Contact: lorenzo.zamponi [a t] sns.it ^^ Research interests: collective memory, media, memory studies, direct social action, and contentious politics and social movementsCOSMOS Board of AdvisorsHelmut AnheierHertie School of GovernanceLance BennettUniversity of WashingtonLaszlo BrusztEuropean University InstituteCraig CalhounLondon School of EconomicsNick CouldryLondon School of EconomicsChristian DavenportUniversity of Notre DameMario DianiUniversity of TrentoKlaus EderHumboldt-UniversitätOlivier FillieuleUniversité de LausanneWilliam (Bill) GamsonBoston CollegeMarco GiugniUniversité de GenèveJack GoldstoneGeorge Mason UniversityJeff GoodwinNew York UniversityBela GreskovitsCentral European UniversityBert KlandermansVrije Universiteit AmsterdamHanspeter KriesiEuropean University InstituteJames JasperThe City University of New York (CUNY)Gary T. MarxMITDoug McAdamStanford UniversityJohn McCarthyPennsylvania State UniversityAbby PetersonGöteborgs UniversitetAlessandro PizzornoEuropean University InstituteDieter RuchtWissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB)Philippe SchmitterEuropean University InstituteMartti SiisiäinenUniversity of JyväskyläDavid SnowUniversity of California, IrvineSuzanne StaggenborgUniversity of PittsburghSidney TarrowCornell UniversityVerta TaylorUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraMichel WieviorkaÉcole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences SocialesCOSMOS Research FellowsAngela AdamiResearch FellowFederico AlagnaResearch FellowMarco AntonelliResearch FellowAnastasia BaroneResearch FellowGiada Bonu RosenkranzResearch FellowBerfin ÇakınResearch FellowStella ChristouResearch FellowAlejandro CiordiaResearch FellowJacopo CustodiResearch FellowBatuhan ErenResearch FellowFederica FrazzettaResearch FellowFederica GuardigliResearch FellowJoana Lilli HofstetterResearch FellowKarlo KraljResearch FellowMartina Lo CascioResearch FellowVincenzo MaccaroneResearch FellowCarla ManninoResearch FellowEriselda ShkopiResearch FellowGiuliana SorciResearch FellowFederica StagniResearch FellowIvan TranfićResearch FellowCOSMOS PhD CandidatesAlice FranchiniPhD candidate, Enrollment 2023Alena GilevaPhD candidate, Enrollment 2023Franca Midori MarquardtPhD candidate, Enrollment 2023Jimmy MatarPhD candidate, Enrollment 2023Adele MoltedoPhD candidate, Enrollment 2023Nerea Montejo LópezPhD candidate, Enrollment 2023Luigi SchiavoPhD candidate, Enrollment 2023Yunus TuranPhD candidate, Enrollment 2023Fahir YumukovPhD candidate, Enrollment 2023Pietro CasariPhD candidate, Enrollment 2022Stefano FilippiniPhD candidate, Enrollment 2022Lydia KarazarifiPhD candidate, Enrollment 2022Giuseppe LipariPhD candidate, Enrollment 2022Anders SvenssonPhD candidate, Enrollment 2022Stefano TortoriciPhD candidate, Enrollment 2022Pietro AutorinoPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Costanza AzzuppardiPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Jamievee BautistaPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Gabriele BerettaPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Florian CarlPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Alice FerroPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Silvia FrosinaPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Ahmed Samy LoftPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Ismini Nikoleta MathioudakiPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Deniz Nihan AktanPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Greta RossiPhD candidate, Enrollment 2021Natasha Debora AidooPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Giuseppe CugnataPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Maria Chiara FranceschelliPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Francesco GattiPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Delina GoxhoPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Hande Dönmez GülenoğluPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Walter HaeuslPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Lorenzo LodiPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Daniela MusinaPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Nicolò PennucciPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Giuseppe PlataniaPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Dorothea PozzatoPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Lorenzo VelottiPhD candidate, Enrollment 2020Irina AguiariPhD candidate, Enrollment 2019Sarah ElMasryPhD candidate, Enrollment 2019Francesca FortarezzaPhD candidate, Enrollment 2019Lucie HunterPhD candidate, Enrollment 2019Damla KeşkekciPhD candidate, Enrollment 2019Lydia LetschPhD candidate, Enrollment 2019Fiorenzo PolitoPhD candidate, Enrollment 2019Rosa BurcPhD candidate, Enrollment 2018Silvia CarenziPhD candidate, Enrollment 2018Felix FritschPhD candidate, Enrollment 2018Katarína LukáčováPhD candidate, Enrollment 2018Valerii SaenkoPhD candidate, Enrollment 2018Sophia WathnePhD candidate, Enrollment 2018COSMOS MembersJavier AlcaldeMemberMassimiliano AndrettaMemberKivanc AtakMemberPhillip AyoubMemberFrancesco BagnardiMemberPhilip BalsigerMemberRaffaele BazurliMemberJonas Bergan DraegeMemberLars Erik BerntzenMemberNiccolò BertuzziMemberEndre BorbáthMemberCarlotta CaciagliMemberLoris CarusoMemberTiago CarvalhoMemberPietro Castelli Gattinara di ZubienaMemberDiego CeccobelliMemberMatteo CernisonMemberRiccardo Emilio ChestaMemberLuisa ChiodiMemberLorenzo CiniMemberRui CoelhoMemberGiorgia ConcettiMemberAyça ÇubukçuMemberDonagh DavisMemberElena del GiorgioMemberChares DemetriousMemberEleonora DesiataMemberNicole DoerrMemberTeije Hidde DonkerMemberJulia EckertMemberKonstantinos EleftehriadisMemberAndrea FelicettiMemberTiago FernandesMemberMayo Fuster MorellMemberHans Jonas GunzelmannMemberMihály GyimesiMemberLeila Hadj-AbdouMemberBogumila HallMemberRobert HemkerMemberHelge Hiram JensenMemberSwen HutterMemberXabier ItçainaMemberOfra KleinMemberHara KoukiMemberJoldon KutmanalievMemberAnna LavizzariMemberHugo Joel LealMemberMarion LecoquierreMemberLasse LindekildeMemberAlessandra Lo PiccoloMemberLinda Lund PedersenMemberMåns Robert LundstedtMemberArianna MainardiMemberHaris MalamidisMemberStefan MalthanerMemberRaffaele MarchettiMemberJuan Masullo J.MemberAlice MattoniMemberGeorgia MavrodiMemberAidan McGarryMemberMariana MendesMemberStefania MilanMemberPierre MonforteMemberLorenzo MoscaMemberFrancis O' ConnorMemberLeonidas OikonomakisMemberDidem OralMemberEnrico PadoanMemberCinzia PadovaniMemberLouisa ParksMemberElena PavanMemberTimothy PeaceMemberGrzegorz PiotrowskiMemberSonia PiresMemberAndrea L. P. PirroMemberEmin PoljarevicMemberMario QuarantaMemberDaniela R. PiccioMemberTobias ReinhardtMemberHerbert ReiterMemberDaniel RitterMemberAnja RöckeMemberEduardo RomanosMemberJulia RoneMemberFederico M. RossiMemberSalvatore SbernaMemberGalina SelivanovaMemberDavide SerafinoMemberIvan StefanovskiMemberElias SteinhilperMemberAnna Subirats RibasMemberJulien TalpinMemberMate Nikola TokicMemberEmiliano TreréMemberSanjin UležićMemberAlberto VannucciMemberGiorgos VenizelosMemberMarkos VogiatzoglouMemberStefania VoliMemberJana WarkotschMemberManès WeisskircherMemberLinus WestheuserMemberParthena Xanthopolou-DimitriadouMemberOleg ZhuravlevMemberTo advance global, inclusive, and interdisciplinary understanding of social movements and their role in democratization and political transformation._d06fa456-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea00To promote the study of social movements as key actors in political participation, democratization, and societal change, using comparative, empirical, and theoretical approaches._d06fa514-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea00DemocracyCommitment to analyzing and promoting democratic processes through the study of social movements.ParticipationEncouraging civic and political engagement through social movements.Interdisciplinary ResearchIntegrating perspectives from political science, sociology, communication, and economics.Comparative AnalysisStudying social movements across different regions, regimes, and historical periods.Social MovementsInvestigate the interactions between social movements and democratization processes across political contexts._d06fa546-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea001DemocratizationStudy the conditions under which social movements promote democratization, mobilize for democracy, and influence democratic quality._d06fa5e6-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea001.1Global ContextsExamine social movements in diverse global contexts, including North, South, East, and West, and their influence on democratic models and knowledge production._d06fa618-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea001.2Politics & EconomicsExplore the intersections of political economy and social movements to understand macro-structural influences on mobilization._d06fa64a-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea002Socio-Economic Structures and Contentious PoliticsCapitalismAnalyze how capitalist transformations impact social movements, focusing on resistance, economic inequality, and urban conflicts._d06fa672-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea002.1Capitalism and Social MovementsNeoliberalismStudy movements opposing neoliberal policies, including student protests, labor struggles, and movements for the commons._d06fa6a4-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea002.2Critiques of NeoliberalismCommunicationInvestigate how media technologies shape political participation and collective mobilization._d06fa6d6-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea003Communication in Political Participation and MobilizationDigital MediaStudy the role of digital platforms in fostering political participation, resistance, and the hybridization of media practices._d06fa708-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea003.1Digital Media and MobilizationAnalysesConduct comparative analyses of political communication and media practices across different countries and movements._d06fa744-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea003.2Comparative Communication StudiesMovement PartiesAnalyze movement parties as a form of political organization bridging parliamentary and extra-parliamentary politics._d06fa816-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea004Movement PartiesMovement Parties in Time and SpaceEmergence & EvolutionExamine conditions for the emergence of movement parties and their transformation upon entering formal institutions._d06fa852-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea004.1Emergence and Evolution of Movement PartiesRight-Wing MovementsInvestigate the role of right-wing movement parties and their strategic use of protest and electoral politics._d06fa94c-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea004.2Right-Wing MovementsRight-Wing Movements and Electoral ParticipationPolitical ViolenceStudy political violence as part of broader processes of political contention and social conflict._d06fa988-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea005Far-Right RadicalizationResearch the radicalization, cooperation, and transnational strategies of far-right actors in Europe._d06fa9c4-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea005.1Escalation & De-EscalationAnalyze the dynamics of escalation and de-escalation between nonviolent and violent forms of contention._d06faa0a-56a9-11f0-a9ee-be32f482ea005.2Transitions Between Violence and Nonviolence2025-07-01https://cosmos.sns.it/about/OwenAmburOwen.Ambur@verizon.net