Driving U.S. Innovation in Artificial Intelligence: A Roadmap for Artificial Intelligence Policy in the United States SenateTo build on the many AI initiatives already undertaken and ongoing at the federal level, the following AI policy roadmap identifies areas of consensus that we believe merit bipartisan consideration in the Senate in the 118th Congress and beyond. To be certain, this is not an exhaustive menu of policy proposals.As members of the AI Working Group, we are steadfast in our dedication to harnessing the full potential of AI while minimizing the risks of AI in the near and long term. We hope this roadmap will stimulate momentum for new and ongoing consideration of bipartisan AI legislation, ensure the United States remains at the forefront of innovation in this technology, and help all Americans benefit from the many opportunities created by AI.Bipartisan Senate AI Working GroupBSAIWG_bf904114-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea00Snator Chuck SchumerMajority LeaderSenator Mike RoundsSenator Martin HeinrichSenator Todd YoungU.S. Senate CommitteesGiven the cross-jurisdictional nature of AI policy issues, we encourage committees to continue to collaborate closely and frequently on AI legislation as well as agree on shared clear definitions for all key terms. ^^ Committees should reflect on the synergies between AI and other emerging technologies to avoid creating tech silos where the impact of legislation and funding could otherwise be collectively amplified. ^^ We hope committees will continue to seek outside input from a variety of stakeholders and experts to inform the best path forward for this quickly advancing technology. Executive BranchFinally, we encourage the executive branch to share with Congress, in a timely fashion and on an ongoing basis, updates on administration activities related to AI, including any AI-related Memorandums of Understanding with other countries and the results from any AI-related studies in order to better inform the legislative process. The full potential of AI is harnessed while the risks are minimized_bf9047ae-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea00To build on the many AI initiatives already undertaken and ongoing at the federal level_bf904c54-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea00CollaborationSynergyInputExpertiseInnovationSupport U.S. innovation in AI_bf904cc2-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001Supporting U.S. Innovation in AINeedsAssess how to handle ongoing needs for federal investments in AI during the regular order budget and appropriations process_bf904e70-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.1The AI Working Group encourages the executive branch and the Senate Appropriations Committee to continue assessing how to handle ongoing needs for federal investments in AI during the regular order budget and appropriations process, with the goal of reaching as soon as possible the spending level proposed by the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence (NSCAI) in their final report: at least $32 billion per year for (non-defense) AI innovation.AppropriationsDevelop emergency appropriations language to fill the gap between current spending levels and the NSCAI-recommended level_bf904ff6-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2The AI Working Group also encourages the Senate Appropriations Committee to work with the relevant committees of jurisdiction to develop emergency appropriations language to fill the gap between current spending levels and the NSCAI-recommended level, including the following priorities:R&DFund a cross-government AI research and development (R&D)_bf905118-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.1Funding for a cross-government AI research and development (R&D) effort, including relevant infrastructure that spans the Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Commerce (DOC), National Science Foundation (NSF), National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and all other relevant agencies and departments. This should include an all-of-government “AI-ready data” initiative, and direction for research priorities in responsible innovation, including but not limited to: ▪ Fundamental and applied science, such as biotechnology, advanced computing, robotics, and materials science ▪ Foundational trustworthy AI topics, such as transparency, explainability, privacy, interoperability, and securityCHIPS & Science ActFund the CHIPS and Science Act accounts_bf905230-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.2Funding the outstanding CHIPS and Science Act (P.L. 117-167) accounts not yet fully funded, particularly those related to AI, including but not limited to: ^^ * NSF Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships ^ * DOC Regional Technology and Innovation Hubs (Tech Hubs) ^ * DOE National Labs through the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program in the DOE Office of Science ^ * DOE Microelectronics Programs ^ * NSF Education and Workforce Programs, including the Advanced Technical Education (ATE) ProgramSemiconductorsSupport semiconductor R&D specific to the design and manufacturing of future generations of high-end AI chips_bf9053c0-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.3U.S. Department of CommerceU.S. Department of EnergyNational Science FoundationU.S. Department of DefenseFunding, as needed, for the DOC, DOE, NSF, and Department of Defense (DOD) to support semiconductor R&D specific to the design and manufacturing of future generations of high-end AI chips, with the goals of ensuring increased American leadership in cutting-edge AI through the co-design of AI software and hardware, and developing new techniques for semiconductor fabrication that can be implemented domestically.NAIRRAuthorize the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR)_bf905424-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.4Authorizing the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) by passing the CREATE AI Act (S. 2714) and funding it as part of the cross-government AI initiative, as well as expanding programs such as the NAIRR and the National AI Research Institutes to ensure all 50 states are able to participate in the AI research ecosystem.Grand ChallengesFund AI Grand Challenge programs_bf905532-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.5Funding a series of "AI Grand Challenge" programs, such as those described in Section 202 of the Future of AI Innovation Act (S. 4178) and the AI Grand Challenges Act (S. 4236), drawing inspiration from and leveraging the success of similar programs run by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), DOE, NSF, NIH, and others like the private sector XPRIZE, with a focus on technical innovation challenges in applications of AI that would fundamentally transform the process of science, engineering, or medicine, and in foundational topics in secure and efficient software and hardware design.NISTFund AI efforts at NIST_bf9056c2-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.6NISTFunding for AI efforts at NIST, including AI testing and evaluation infrastructure and the U.S. AI Safety Institute, and funding for NIST’s construction account to address years of backlog in maintaining NIST’s physical infrastructure.Industry & SecurityFund the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)_bf90573a-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.7Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)Funding for the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) to update its information technology (IT) infrastructure and procure modern data analytics software; ensure it has the necessary personnel and capabilities for prompt, effective action; and enhance interagency support for BIS's monitoring efforts to ensure compliance with export control regulations.R&D & Policies Fund R&D activities and develop appropriate policies_bf905848-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.8Funding R&D activities, and developing appropriate policies, at the intersection of AI and robotics to advance national security, workplace safety, industrial efficiency, economic productivity, and competitiveness, through a coordinated interagency initiative.Materials & ManufacturingIdentify, test, and synthesize new materials to support advanced manufacturing_bf9059d8-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.9NISTU.S. Department of EnergySupporting a NIST and DOE testbed to identify, test, and synthesize new materials to support advanced manufacturing through the use of AI, autonomous laboratories, and AI integration with other emerging technologies, such as quantum computing and robotics.ElectionsProvide local election assistance funding_bf905a5a-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.10Providing local election assistance funding to support AI readiness and cybersecurity through the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) Election Security grants.Government ServicesProvide funding and strategic direction to modernize the federal government and improve delivery of government services_bf905b68-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.11Providing funding and strategic direction to modernize the federal government and improve delivery of government services, including through activities such as updating IT infrastructure to utilize modern data science and AI technologies and deploying new technologies to find inefficiencies in the U.S. code, federal rules, and procurement programs.InfrastructureSupport R&D and interagency coordination around the intersection of AI and critical infrastructure_bf905cf8-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.2.12Smart CitiesTransportation SystemsSupporting R&D and interagency coordination around the intersection of AI and critical infrastructure, including for smart cities and intelligent transportation system technologies.National SecurityAddress national security threats, risks, and opportunities_bf905d7a-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3The AI Working Group supports funding, commensurate with the requirements needed to address national security threats, risks, and opportunities, for AI activities related to defense in any emergency appropriations for AI. Priorities in this space include, but are not limited to:Nuclear SecuritySupport nuclear security testbeds and model evaluation tools_bf905e92-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.1National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) testbeds and model evaluation tools.CBRN ThreatsAssess and mitigate Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) AI-enhanced threats_bf90602c-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.2Assessment and mitigation of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) AI-enhanced threats by DOD, Department of Homeland Security (DHS), DOE, and other relevant agencies.Chemistry & BiologyAdvance in AI-augmented chemical and biological synthesis_bf9060ae-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.3Support for further advancements in AI-augmented chemical and biological synthesis, as well as safeguards to reduce the risk of dangerous synthetic materials and pathogens.DARPAIncrease funding for DARPA's AI-related work._bf9061da-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.4DARPAIncreased funding for DARPA’s AI-related work.AlgorithmsDevelop of secure and trustworthy algorithms for autonomy in DOD platforms_bf906374-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.5U.S. Department of DefenseDevelopment of secure and trustworthy algorithms for autonomy in DOD platforms.Command & ControlDevelop and deploy of Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2) and similar capabilities_bf906400-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.6U.S. Department of DefenseEnsuring the development and deployment of Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control (CJADC2) and similar capabilities by DOD.WeaponsLearn from and improve the operation of weapons platforms_bf906518-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.7Service MembersCommandersDevelopment of AI tools for service members and commanders to learn from and improve the operation of weapons platforms.DataCreate pathways for data derived from sensors and other sources to be stored, transported, and used across programs_bf9066bc-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.8Creation of pathways for data derived from sensors and other sources to be stored, transported, and used across programs, including Special Access Programs (SAPs), to reduce silos between existing data sets and make DOD data more adaptable to machine learning and other AI projects.SupercomputingBuild up in-house supercomputing and AI capacity within DOD_bf906748-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.9U.S. Department of DefenseBuilding up in-house supercomputing and AI capacity within DOD, including resources for both new computational infrastructure and staff with relevant expertise in supercomputing and AI, along with appropriate training materials for preparing the next generation of talent in these areas.AlliancesWork collaboratively with our allies for co-development of integrated AI capabilities_bf90686a-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.10AUKUSAs appropriate, utilization of the unique authorities in AUKUS Pillar 2 to work collaboratively with our allies for co-development of integrated AI capabilities.AcquisitionsMore efficiently implement Federal Acquisition Regulations_bf906a40-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.11Development of AI-integrated tools to more efficiently implement Federal Acquisition Regulations.LogisticsOptimize logistics across the DOD_bf906ad6-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.3.12U.S. Department of DefenseUse of AI to optimize logistics across the DOD, such as improving workflows across the defense industrial base and applying predictive maintenance to extend the lifetime of weapons platforms.Additional Objectives_bf906c20-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.4Furthermore, the AI Working Group:PartnershipsDevelop legislation to leverage public-private partnerships across the federal government to support AI advancements and minimize potential risks from AI_bf906de2-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.4.1Encourages the relevant committees to develop legislation to leverage public-private partnerships across the federal government to support AI advancements and minimize potential risks from AI.StudiesSupport further federal study of AI_bf906e8c-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.4.2Federally Funded Research and Development CentersRecognizes the rapidly evolving state of AI development and supports further federal study of AI, including through work with Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs).StartupsAddress the challenges faced by startups to compete in the AI marketplace_bf906fcc-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.4.3StartupsEncourages the relevant committees to address the unique challenges faced by startups to compete in the AI marketplace, including by considering whether legislation is needed to support the dissemination of best practices to incentivize states and localities to invest in similar opportunities as those provided by the NAIRR.Statutes & RegulationsIdentify federal statutes and regulations that affect the innovation of artificial intelligence systems_bf907198-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.4.4Comptroller General of the United StatesSupports a report from the Comptroller General of the United States to identify any significant federal statutes and regulations that affect the innovation of artificial intelligence systems, including the ability of companies of all sizes to compete in artificial intelligence.ToolsIncrease access to tools for AI companies to utilize for testing_bf907238-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.4.5U.S. Department of CommerceAI CompaniesThe AI Working Group also encourages committees to: ^^ Work with the DOC and other relevant agencies to increase access to tools, such as mock data sets, for AI companies to utilize for testing.OutreachConduct outreach to small businesses to ensure the tools related to AI that the agencies provide meet their needs_bf907396-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.4.6U.S. Department of CommerceSmall Business AdministrationSmall BusinessesEncourage DOC and other relevant agencies such as the Small Business Administration (SBA) to conduct outreach to small businesses to ensure the tools related to AI that the agencies provide meet their needs.Entrepreneurs & Small BusinessesIdentify ways the SBA and its partners can support entrepreneurs and small businesses in utilizing AI_bf90767a-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.4.7Small Business AdministrationSmall Business Development CentersSmall Business Investment CompaniesMicrolendersEntrepreneursSmall BusinessesIdentify ways the SBA and its partners, including the Small Business Development Centers, Small Business Investment Companies, and microlenders, can support all entrepreneurs and small businesses in utilizing AI as well as innovating and providing services and products related to the growth of AI.Software & Cloud ComputingClarify that business software and cloud computing services are allowable expenses under the SBA's 7(a) loan program_bf90790e-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea001.4.8Small BusinessesSmall Business AdministrationClarify that business software and cloud computing services are allowable expenses under the SBA's 7(a) loan program to help small businesses more affordably incorporate technological solutions including AI (Small Business Technological Advancement Act (S. 2330)).WorkforceConsider the impact AI will have on the workforce as well as opportunities to collaborate with and prepare the American workforce_bf907ac6-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea002Bureau of Labor StatisticsThe AI Working Group is encouraged by the Workforce Data for Analyzing and Tracking Automation Act (S. 2138) to authorize the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), with the assistance of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, to record the effect of automation on the workforce and measure those trends over time, including job displacement, the number of new jobs created, and the shifting in-demand skills.National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicineU.S. Department of LaborThe bill would also establish a workforce development advisory board composed of key stakeholders to advise the U.S. Department of Labor on which types of public and private sector initiatives can promote consistent workforce development improvements. AI and the Workforce ~ During the Insight Forums there was wide agreement that workers across the spectrum, ranging from blue collar positions to C-suite executives, are concerned about the potential for AI to impact their jobs. The AI Working Group recognizes the apprehension surrounding the inherent uncertainties of this technology, and encourages a conscientious consideration of the impact AI will have on the workforce -- including the potential for displacement of workers -- to make certain that American workers are not left behind. Additionally, there are opportunities to collaborate with and prepare the American workforce to work alongside this new technology and mitigate potential negative impacts. ^^ Therefore, the AI Working Group encourages:ConsultationEnsure that stakeholders are consulted as AI is developed and deployed_bf907ce2-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea002.1InnovatorsEmployersCivil SocietyUnionsEfforts to ensure that stakeholders -- from innovators and employers to civil society, unions, and other workforce perspectives -- are consulted as AI is developed and then deployed by end users.Federal SystemsEnsure that stakeholder voices are considered in the development and deployment of AI systems procured or used by federal agencies_bf907daa-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea002.2Federal EmployeesMembers of the PublicExpertsThe committees of jurisdiction to explore ways to ensure that relevant internal and external stakeholder voices, including federal employees, impacted members of the public, and experts, are considered in the development and deployment of AI systems procured or used by federal agencies.Training, Retraining & UpskillingTrain, retrain, and upskill the private sector workforce to successfully participate in an AI-enabled economy_bf907efe-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea002.3Private Sector WorkforceDevelopment of legislation related to training, retraining, and upskilling the private sector workforce to successfully participate in an AI-enabled economy. Such legislation might include incentives for businesses to develop strategies that integrate new technologies and reskilled employees into the workplace, and incentives for both blue- and white-collar employees to obtain retraining from community colleges and universities.General-Purpose AI DystemsDevelop a policy framework in response to general-purpose AI systems_bf9080fc-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea002.4Human WorkersExploration of the implications and possible solutions (including private sector best practices) to the impact of AI on long-term future of work as increasingly capable general-purpose AI systems are developed that have the potential to displace human workers, and to develop an appropriate policy framework in response, including ways to combat disruptive workforce displacement.ImmigrationImprove the U.S. immigration system for high-skilled STEM workers_bf9081ba-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea002.5ImmigrantsSTEM WorkersThe relevant committees to consider legislation to improve the U.S. immigration system for high-skilled STEM workers in support of national security and to foster advances in AI across the whole of society. Service, Governance & UpskillingImprove government service delivery, modernize internal governance, and upskill federal employees to maximize the beneficial use of AI_bf90830e-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea002.6Federal EmployeesThe AI Working Group also recognizes: ^^ * The promise of the federal government's adoption of AI to improve government service delivery and modernize internal governance as well as upskilling of existing federal employees to maximize the beneficial use of AI.Recruitment & RetentionRecruit and retain talent in AI through programs_bf908516-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea002.7U.S. Digital ServicePresidential Innovation FellowsPresidential Management FellowsOpportunities to recruit and retain talent in AI through programs like the U.S. Digital Service, the Presidential Innovation Fellows, the Presidential Management Fellows, and others authorized in the Intergovernmental Personnel Act and other relevant legislation, and encourages the relevant committees to consider ways to leverage these programs. LawsIdentify gaps in the application of existing law to AI systems_bf9085f2-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003High Impact Uses of AI ~ The AI Working Group believes that existing laws, including related to consumer protection and civil rights, need to consistently and effectively apply to AI systems and their developers, deployers, and users. Some AI systems have been referred to as "black boxes" which may raise questions about whether companies with such systems are appropriately abiding by existing laws. Thus, in cases where U.S. law requires a clear understanding of how an automated system operates, the opaque nature of some AI systems may be unacceptable. We encourage the relevant committees to consider identifying any gaps in the application of existing law to AI systems that fall under their committees' jurisdiction and, as needed, develop legislative language to address such gaps. This language should ensure that regulators are able to access information directly relevant to enforcing existing law and, if necessary, place appropriate, case-by-case requirements on high-risk uses of AI, such as requirements around transparency, explainability, and testing and evaluation.DisparitiesExplore how AI may affect some parts of our population differently_bf908764-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1AI use cases should not directly or inadvertently infringe on constitutional rights, imperil public safety, or violate existing antidiscrimination laws. The AI Working Group acknowledges that some have concerns about the potential for disparate impact, including the potential for unintended harmful bias. Therefore, when any Senate committee is evaluating the impact of AI or considering legislation in the AI space, the AI Working Group encourages committees to explore how AI may affect some parts of our population differently, both positively and negatively.Use CasesReview guidance that relates to high impact AI use cases_bf908962-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.1Encourages committees to review forthcoming guidance from relevant agencies that relates to high impact AI use cases and to explore if and when an explainability requirement may be necessary.InfrastructureDevelop standards for use of AI in our critical infrastructure_bf908a52-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.2Supports the development of standards for use of AI in our critical infrastructure and encourages the relevant committees to develop legislation to advance this effort.EnergyInclude data center and supercomputing cluster energy use in surveys_bf908bce-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.3Energy Information AdministrationData CentersSupercomputing ClustersEncourages the Energy Information Administration to include data center and supercomputing cluster energy use in their regular voluntary surveys.Financial SectorConduct a regulatory gap analysis in the financial sector_bf908dd6-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.4Financial SectorSupports Section 3 of S. 3050, directing a regulatory gap analysis in the financial sector, and encourages the relevant committees to develop legislation that ensures financial service providers are using accurate and representative data in their AI models, and that financial regulators have the tools to enforce applicable law and/or regulation related to these issues.HousingInvestigate the opportunities and risks of the use of AI systems in the housing sector_bf908eb2-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.5Housing SectorEncourages the relevant committees to investigate the opportunities and risks of the use of AI systems in the housing sector, focusing on transparency and accountability while recognizing the utility of existing laws and regulations.ProcurementEnsure appropriate testing and evaluation of AI systems in the federal procurement process_bf90902e-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.6Believes the federal government must ensure appropriate testing and evaluation of AI systems in the federal procurement process that meets the relevant standards, and supports streamlining the federal procurement process for AI systems and other software that have met those standards.Content & PublicationsExamine the impacts of AI on professional content creators and publishers_bf9092b8-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.7Content CreatorsPublishersLocal News OrganizationsJournalism IndustryRecognizes the AI-related concerns of professional content creators and publishers, particularly given the importance of local news and that consolidation in the journalism industry has resulted in fewer local news options in small towns and rural areas. The relevant Senate committees may wish to examine the impacts of AI in this area and develop legislation to address areas of concern.Sexual AbuseAddress online child sexual abuse material_bf9093a8-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.8ChildrenFurthermore, the AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to: ^^ Develop legislation to address online child sexual abuse material (CSAM), including ensuring existing protections specifically cover AI-generated CSAM. The AI Working Group also supports consideration of legislation to address similar issues with nonconsensual distribution of intimate images and other harmful deepfakes.ChildrenProtect children from potential AI-powered harms online_bf90954c-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.9ChildrenConsider legislation to protect children from potential AI-powered harms online by ensuring companies take reasonable steps to consider such risks in product design and operation. Furthermore, the AI Working Group is concerned by data demonstrating the mental health impact of social media and expresses support for further study and action by the relevant agencies to understand and combat this issue.Fraud & DeceptionDeter the use of AI to perpetrate fraud and deception_bf9097ae-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.10Vulnerable PopulationsThe ElderlyVeteransExplore mechanisms, including through the use of public-private partnerships, to deter the use of AI to perpetrate fraud and deception, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and veterans.VehiclesDevelop a federal framework for testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles_bf9098b2-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.11Continue their work on developing a federal framework for testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles across all modes of transportation to remain at the forefront of this critical space. This effort is particularly critical as our strategic competitors, like the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), continue to race ahead and attempt to shape the vision of this technology.Social ScoringBan the use of AI for social scoring_bf909a60-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.12Consider legislation to ban the use of AI for social scoring, protecting our fundamental freedom in contrast with the widespread use of such a system by the CCP. Limitations & BansReview whether potential uses for AI should be either extremely limited or banned_bf909ce0-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.1.13Review whether other potential uses for AI should be either extremely limited or banned. HealthcareDeploy AI across the full spectrum of health care services_bf909dc6-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.2AI is being deployed across the full spectrum of health care services, including for the development of new medicines, for the improvement of disease detection and diagnosis, and as assistance for providers to better serve their patients. The AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to:Guardrails & SupportSupport deployment of AI in health care and implement appropriate guardrails and safety measures to protect patients_bf90a050-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.2.1PatientsConsider legislation that both supports further deployment of AI in health care and implements appropriate guardrails and safety measures to protect patients, as patients must be front and center in any legislative efforts on health care and AI. This includes consumer protection, preventing fraud and abuse, and promoting the usage of accurate and representative data.TechnologiesSupport the NIH in the development and improvement of AI technologies_bf90a2c6-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.2.2NIHSupport the NIH in the development and improvement of AI technologies. In particular, data governance should be a key area of focus across the NIH and other relevant agencies, with an emphasis on making health care and biomedical data available for machine learning and data science research, while carefully addressing the privacy issues raised by the use of AI in this area.RegulationProvide a predictable regulatory structure for AI-enabled product developers_bf90a3d4-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.2.3Department of Health and Human ServicesFood and Drug AdministrationOffice of the National Coordinator for Health Information TechnologyProduct DevelopersEnsure that the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, has the proper tools to weigh the benefits and risks of AI-enabled products so that it can provide a predictable regulatory structure for product developers.Products & ServicesProvide transparency about the use of AI in medical products and clinical support services_bf90a58c-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.2.4Healthcare ProvidersThe PublicConsider legislation that would provide transparency for providers and the public about the use of AI in medical products and clinical support services, including the data used to train the AI models.DeliveryImprove health outcomes and efficiencies in health care delivery_bf90a7da-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea003.2.5Consider policies to promote innovation of AI systems that meaningfully improve health outcomes and efficiencies in health care delivery. This should include examining the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ reimbursement mechanisms as well as guardrails to ensure accountability, appropriate use, and broad application of AI across all populations.Elections & Democracy_bf90a8f2-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea004Elections and DemocracyWatermarking & ProvenanceAdvance watermarking and digital content provenance as it relates to AI-generated or AI-augmented election content_bf90aaaa-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea004.1The AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees and AI developers and deployers to advance effective watermarking and digital content provenance as it relates to AI-generated or AI-augmented election content. The AI Working Group encourages AI deployers and content providers to implement robust protections in advance of the upcoming election to mitigate AI-generated content that is objectively false, while still protecting First Amendment rights.ToolsEncourage states to consider utilizing the tools EAC and CISA have developed_bf90ad5c-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea004.2U.S. Election Assistance CommissionCybersecurity and Infrastructure Security AgencyElection OfficialsStatesThe AI Working Group acknowledges the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) for its work on the AI Toolkit for Election Officials, and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) for its work on the Cybersecurity Toolkit and Resources to Protect Elections, and encourages states to consider utilizing the tools EAC and CISA have developed. Privacy & LiabilityHold AI developers and deployers accountable if their products or actions cause harm to consumers and hold end users accountable if their actions cause harm_bf90ae74-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea005AI DevelopersAI DeployersConsumersPrivacy and Liability ~ The AI Working Group acknowledges that the rapid evolution of technology and the varying degrees of autonomy in AI products present difficulties in assigning legal liability to AI companies and their users. Therefore, the AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to consider whether there is a need for additional standards, or clarity around existing standards, to hold AI developers and deployers accountable if their products or actions cause harm to consumers, or to hold end users accountable if their actions cause harm, as well as how to enforce any such liability standards.Non-Public InformationReduce the prevalence of non-public personal information being stored in and by AI systems_bf90b036-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea005.1The AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to explore policy mechanisms to reduce the prevalence of non-public personal information being stored in, or used by, AI systems, including providing appropriate incentives for research and development of privacy-enhancing technologies.Personal InformationProtect personal information_bf90b3b0-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea005.2The AI Working Group supports a strong comprehensive federal data privacy law to protect personal information. The legislation should address issues related to data minimization, data security, consumer data rights, consent and disclosure, and data brokers.Transparency, Explainability, IP &Copyrights_bf90b4f0-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea006Transparency, Explainability, Intellectual Property, and Copyright ~ The AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to:TransparencyEstablish a coherent approach to public-facing transparency requirements for AI systems_bf90b6c6-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea006.1Consider developing legislation to establish a coherent approach to public-facing transparency requirements for AI systems, while allowing use case specific requirements where necessary and beneficial, including best practices for when AI deployers should disclose that their products use AI, building on the ongoing federal effort in this space. If developed, the AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to ensure these requirements align with any potential risk regime and do not inhibit innovation.AutomationAdopt best practices for automation of tasks_bf90b964-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea006.2Evaluate whether there is a need for best practices for the level of automation that is appropriate for a given type of task, considering the need to have a human in the loop at certain stages for some high impact tasks.WorkplacesProvide transparency to employees about the development and deployment of new technology like AI in federal workplaces_bf90ba90-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea006.3Federal AgenciesFederal EmployeesReview to what degree federal agencies are required to provide transparency to their employees about the development and deployment of new technology like AI in the workplace.DataConsider federal policy issues related to the data sets used by AI developers to train their models_bf90bc66-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea006.4AI DevelopersConsider federal policy issues related to the data sets used by AI developers to train their models, including data sets that might contain sensitive personal data or are protected by copyright, and evaluate whether there is a need for transparency requirements.ProvenanceEstablish provenance for both synthetic and non-synthetic digital content_bf90bf04-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea006.5Review forthcoming reports from the executive branch related to establishing provenance of digital content, for both synthetic and non-synthetic content.IncentivesIncentivize providers of software products using generative AI and hardware products to provide content provenance information_bf90c01c-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea006.6Consider developing legislation that incentivizes providers of software products using generative AI and hardware products such as cameras and microphones to provide content provenance information and to consider the need for legislation that requires or incentivizes online platforms to maintain access to that content provenance information. The AI Working Group also encourages online platforms to voluntarily display content provenance information, when available, and to determine how to best display this provenance information by default to end users.Names, Images, Likenesses & VoicesProtect against the unauthorized use of individual's names, images, likenesses, and voices_bf90c1fc-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea006.7Consider whether there is a need for legislation that protects against the unauthorized use of one's name, image, likeness, and voice, consistent with First Amendment principles, as it relates to AI. Legislation in this area should consider the impacts of novel synthetic content on professional content creators of digital media, victims of non-consensual distribution of intimate images, victims of fraud, and other individuals or entities that are negatively affected by the widespread availability of synthetic content.Copyrights & IPEnsure the U.S. continues to lead the world on the impact of AI on copyright and intellectual property law_bf90c4b8-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea006.8U.S. Copyright OfficeU.S. Patent and Trademark OfficeReview the results of existing and forthcoming reports from the U.S. Copyright Office and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on how AI impacts copyright and intellectual property law, and take action as deemed appropriate to ensure the U.S. continues to lead the world on this front.Awareness & EducationEstablish a public awareness and education campaign to provide information about AI_bf90c760-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea006.9Consider legislation aimed at establishing a public awareness and education campaign to provide information regarding the benefits of, risks relating to, and prevalence of AI in the daily lives of individuals in the United States. The campaign, similar to digital literacy campaigns, should include guidance on how Americans can learn to use and recognize AI.RisksSafeguard against AI risks_bf90c968-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea007Safeguarding Against AI Risks ~ In light of the insights provided by experts at the forums on a variety of risks that different AI systems may present, the AI Working Group encourages companies to perform detailed testing and evaluation to understand the landscape of potential harms and not to release AI systems that cannot meet industry standards. Multiple potential risk regimes were proposed -- from focusing on technical specifications such as the amount of computation or number of model parameters to classification by use case -- and the AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to consider a resilient risk regime that focuses on the capabilities of AI systems, protects proprietary information, and allows for continued AI innovation in the U.S. The risk regime should tie governance efforts to the latest available research on AI capabilities and allow for regular updates in response to changes in the AI landscape. ^^ The AI Working Group also encourages the relevant committees to:ApproachDevelop a capabilities-focused risk-based approach_bf90cbfc-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea007.1Support efforts related to the development of a capabilities-focused risk-based approach, particularly the development and standardization of risk testing and evaluation methodologies and mechanisms, including red-teaming, sandboxes and testbeds, commercial AI auditing standards, bug bounty programs, as well as physical and cyber security standards. The AI Working Group encourages committees to consider ways to support these types of efforts, including through the federal procurement system.Product ReleasesInvestigate the policy implications of different product release choices for AI systems_bf90cd50-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea007.2Investigate the policy implications of different product release choices for AI systems, particularly to understand the differences between closed versus fully open-source models (including the full spectrum of product release choices between those two ends of the spectrum).Pre-Deployment EvaluationsSpecify circumstances that warrant a requirement of pre-deployment evaluation of AI models_bf90cf62-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea007.3Develop an analytical framework that specifies what circumstances would warrant a requirement of pre-deployment evaluation of AI models.AI ISACExplore whether there is a need for an AI-focused Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC)_bf90d214-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea007.4Explore whether there is a need for an AI-focused Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) to serve as an interface between commercial AI entities and the federal government to support monitoring of AI risks.RegimeConsider a capabilities-based AI risk regime_bf90d35e-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea007.5Consider a capabilities-based AI risk regime that takes into consideration short-, medium-, and long-term risks, with the recognition that model capabilities and testing and evaluation capabilities will change and grow over time. As our understanding of AI risks further develops, we may discover better risk-management regimes or mechanisms. Where testing and evaluation are insufficient to directly measure capabilities, the AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to explore proxy metrics that may be used in the interim.R&DAdvance R&D efforts that address the risks posed by various AI system capabilities_bf90d55c-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea007.6Develop legislation aimed at advancing R&D efforts that address the risks posed by various AI system capabilities, including by equipping AI developers, deployers, and users with the knowledge and tools necessary to identify, assess, and effectively manage those risks. National SecurityStay informed about the research areas and capabilities of U.S. adversaries_bf90d822-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008National Security ~ The AI Working Group will collaborate with committees and relevant executive branch agencies to stay informed about the research areas and capabilities of U.S. adversaries. ^^ The AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to develop legislation bolstering the use of AI in U.S. cyber capabilities. ^^ Managing talent in the realm of advanced technologies presents significant challenges for the DOD and the Intelligence Community (IC). In collaboration with the relevant committees, the AI Working Group:Training & CareersDevelop career pathways and training programs for digital engineering in AI_bf90d980-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.1DoDIntelligence CommunityEncourages the DOD and IC to further develop career pathways and training programs for digital engineering, specifically in AI, as outlined in Section 230 of the FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA).Digital WorkforceAllocate resources and oversight to maintain a digital workforce within the armed services_bf90dba6-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.2Digital WorkforceArmed ServicesSupports the allocation of suitable resources and oversight to maintain a strong digital workforce within the armed services.Security ClearancesOversee the executive branch's efficient handling of security clearance applications_bf90dec6-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.3Urges the relevant committees to maintain their efforts in overseeing the executive branch's efficient handling of security clearance applications, particularly emphasizing swift processing for AI talent, to prevent any backlogs or procedural delays.Talent PathwayImprove lateral and senior placement opportunities and other mechanisms to improve and expand the AI talent pathway into the military_bf90e024-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.4MilitaryEncourages the relevant committees to develop legislation to improve lateral and senior placement opportunities and other mechanisms to improve and expand the AI talent pathway into the military.Autonomous WeaponsAassess whether aspects of the DOD's policy on autonomous lethal weapons should be codified_bf90e27c-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.5DoDThe AI Working Group recognizes the DOD's transparency regarding its policy on fully autonomous lethal weapon systems. The AI Working Group encourages relevant committees to assess whether aspects of the DOD's policy should be codified or if other measures, such as notifications concerning the development and deployment of such weapon systems, are necessary.Sensitive InformationPrevent large language models and other frontier AI models from leaking or reconstructing sensitive or classified information_bf90e5c4-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.6Office of the Director of National IntelligenceDODDOECommercial AI DevelopersThe AI Working Group encourages the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, DOD, and DOE to work with commercial AI developers to prevent large language models, and other frontier AI models, from inadvertently leaking or reconstructing sensitive or classified information.ET & AIBolster efforts to monitor emerging technology and AI developed by adversaries_bf90e736-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.7Intelligence CommunityThe AI Working Group acknowledges the ongoing work of the IC to monitor emerging technology and AI developed by adversaries, including artificial general intelligence (AGI), and encourages the relevant committees to consider legislation to bolster this effort and make sure this long-term monitoring continues.AGIDevelop a policy framework artificial general intelligence systems_bf90e970-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.8The AI Working Group: ^^ * Recognizes the significant level of uncertainty and unknowns associated with general purpose AI systems achieving AGI. At the same time, the AI Working Group recognizes that there is not widespread agreement on the definition of AGI or threshold by which it will officially be achieved. Therefore, we encourage the relevant committees to better define AGI in consultation with experts, characterize both the likelihood of AGI development and the magnitude of the risks that AGI development would pose, and develop an appropriate policy framework based on that analysis.Space DebrisImprove the management and risk mitigation of space debris_bf90ee34-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.9NASAEncourages the relevant committees to explore potential opportunities for leveraging advanced AI models to improve the management and risk mitigation of space debris. Acknowledging the substantial efforts by NASA and other interagency partners in addressing space debris, the AI Working Group recognizes the increasing threat space debris poses to space systems. Consequently, the AI Working Group encourages the committees to work with agencies involved in space affairs to discover new capabilities that can enhance these critical mitigation efforts.EnergyAddress the rising energy demand of AI systems_bf90efce-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.10Encourages the relevant committees, in collaboration with the private sector, to continue to address, and mitigate where possible, the rising energy demand of AI systems to ensure the U.S. can remain competitive with the CCP and keep energy costs down.BioweaponsPrevent adversaries from procuring necessary capabilities in furtherance of AI-enhanced bioweapon programs_bf90f244-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.11National Security Commission on Emerging BiotechnologyNSCAIThe AI Working Group recognizes the importance of advancements in AI to other fields of scientific discovery such as biotechnology. AI has the potential to increase the risk posed by bioweapons and is directly relevant to federal efforts to defend against CBRN threats. Therefore, the AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to consider the recommendations of the National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology and the NSCAI in this domain, including as they relate to preventing adversaries from procuring necessary capabilities in furtherance of an AI-enhanced bioweapon program.Critical TechnologiesManage critical technologies and address the unique capabilities of AI_bf90f636-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.12Secretary of CommerceThe Secretary of Commerce, through BIS, holds broad and exclusive authority over export controls for critical technologies such as semiconductors, biotechnology, quantum computing, and more, covering both hardware and software. The AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to ensure BIS proactively manages these technologies and to investigate whether there is a need for new authorities to address the unique and quickly burgeoning capabilities of AI, including the feasibility of options to implement on-chip security mechanisms for high-end AI chips.ExportsDetermine when export controls should be placed on AI systems_bf90f79e-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.13Additionally, the AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to: ^^ * Develop a framework for determining when, or if, export controls should be placed on powerful AI systems.ClassificationDetermining when AI systems should be considered classified_bf90fa0a-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.14Develop a framework for determining when an AI system, if acquired by an adversary, would be powerful enough that it would pose such a grave risk to national security that it should be considered classified, using approaches such as how DOE treats Restricted Data. AgreementsEnsure the relevant federal agencies have the appropriate authorities to work with our allies and international partners to advance bilateral and multilateral agreements on AI_bf90fdac-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.15AlliesInternational PartnersFurthermore, AI Working Group encourages the relevant committees to: ^^ * Ensure the relevant federal agencies have the appropriate authorities to work with our allies and international partners to advance bilateral and multilateral agreements on AI.Research InstitutesSet up or participate in international AI research institutes or other partnerships with like-minded international allies and partners_bf90ff1e-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.16AI Research InstitutesDevelop legislation to set up or participate in international AI research institutes or other partnerships with like-minded international allies and partners, giving due consideration to the potential threats to research security and intellectual property.Data Analytics & Supply ChainsExpand the use of data analytics and supply chain platforms_bf91018a-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.17Develop legislation to expand the use of modern data analytics and supply chain platforms by the Department of Justice, DHS, and other relevant law enforcement agencies to combat the flow of illicit drugs, including fentanyl and other synthetic opioids.Executive BranchWork with the executive branch_bf91054a-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.18Executive BranchWork with the executive branch to support the free flow of information across borders, protect against the forced transfer of American technology, and promote open markets for digital goods exported by American creators and businesses through agreements that also allow countries to address concerns regarding security, privacy, surveillance, and competition. As Russia and China push their cyber agenda of censorship, repression, and surveillance, the AI Working Group encourages the executive branch to avoid creating a policy vacuum that China and Russia will fill, to ensure the digital economy remains open, fair, and competitive for all, including for the three million American workers whose jobs depend on digital trade.InformationSupport the free flow of information across borders_bf910720-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.18.1TechnologyProtect against the forced transfer of American technology_bf910a72-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.18.2MarketsPromote open markets for digital goods exported by American creators and businesses_bf910e8c-1496-11ef-a467-6e330983ea008.18.3American CreatorsAmerican Businesses2024-05-17https://www.schumer.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Roadmap_Electronic1.32pm.pdfOwenAmburOwen.Ambur@verizon.net