The Best States for Data InnovationAcross the United States, data scientists, civic leaders, educators, andbusiness leaders are laying the groundwork for using data to grow theeconomy and address a range of societal challenges. This report reviews aseries of indicators that rank states on the degree to which they haveachieved the key enablers of success in the data economy, including theavailability of high-value datasets, the creation of important technologies, andthe development of human and business capital. It then identifies a range ofopportunities for state governments to maximize their potential for data-drivengrowth and progress.This report uses 25 indicators across three categories to assess which states are doing the most toencourage and enable data-driven innovation. These categories are:* Data: the extent to which key datasets are available, including data about the government,education, health care, and energy;* Technology: the availability of key digital infrastructure, such as broadband, smart meters,and electronic health records; and* People and companies: human and business resources, such as the number of open-datacompanies in the state, and the size of the data professional community.Center for Data InnovationC4DIID-1b4df920-5e1f-4c8a-a6ef-e5cd5de8317dFrom creating a modern, evidence-based health-caresystem to building sustainable, energy-efficient cities, datais increasingly a critical component in many initiatives tomake the world a better place. In the coming years, thecollection, analysis, and use of massive amounts of data willhave the potential to generate enormous social andeconomic benefits, but successfully capitalizing on theseopportunities will require public policies designed to allowdata-driven innovation to flourish.The Center for Data Innovation is the leading think tankstudying the intersection of data, technology, and publicpolicy. Based in Washington, DC, the Center formulates andpromotes pragmatic public policies designed to maximizethe benefits of data-driven innovation in the public andprivate sectors. It educates policymakers and the publicabout the opportunities and challenges associated withdata, as well as technology trends such as predictiveanalytics, open data, cloud computing, and the Internet ofThings. The Center is a nonprofit, nonpartisan researchinstitute affiliated with the Information Technology andInnovation Foundation.Daniel CastroCo-AuthorJosh NewCo-AuthorJohn WuCo-AuthorState PolicymakersState policymakers should support all three areas to successfully enable data-driven innovation.First, states should take steps to guarantee that data is available for use, such as by ensuringgovernment agencies collect and release high-value datasets...Second, states should enable the deployment of the technology platforms that underpin success inthe data economy. This includes facilitating the deployment of digital infrastructure, such as fixedand mobile broadband Internet, plus data platforms such as intelligent transportation systems,electronic health records, and smart meters. In addition, states should consider how they cansupport the development of the Internet of Things, particularly the development of smart cities thatuse data collected by sensors on physical infrastructure and digital transactions with governmentagencies. Third, state economic development efforts should include a focus on the data economy and helpingtransform existing industries to make better use of data. Data-driven innovation._a4a14aee-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da0054364To lay the groundwork for using data to grow the economy and address a range of societal challenges._a4a14c1a-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da0054364DataInnovationEconomic GrowthSocietal WellbeingAvailabilityEnsure Data Is Available for Use_a4a14cf6-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543641Legislative DataPublish legislative data in open and machine-readable formats._a4a14e72-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543641.1Government Financial DataPublish government financial data online._a4a14f30-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543641.2EducationDevelop education data systems._a4a14fee-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543641.3E-PrescribingUse e-prescribing for controlled substances._a4a150b6-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543641.4Health-Care PricesEnact and promulgate state health-care price transparency laws and regulations._a4a15174-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543641.5Energy UsageParticipate in the Green Button initiative._a4a15458-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543641.6UtilitiesPercentage of customers served by utilities participating in the Green Buttoninitiative.Building Energy EfficiencyInclude buildings in the DOE Building Performance Database._a4a1552a-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543641.7BuildersDOENumber of buildings in the state included in the DOE Building Performance Database per 10,000 residents.Government InformationDescribe legal rights to and effective access to government information._a4a155f2-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543641.8Public Access to Government Information -- A quantitative transformed measure of qualitative survey results describing legalrights to and effective access to government information.Anti-SLAPP LawsAdopt laws prohibiting strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPPs)._a4a156ba-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543641.9Technology PlatformsEnable Key Technology Platforms_a4a15796-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543642Broadband Increase the numbers of Internet users, households with broadband coverage,and average connection speeds._a4a15868-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543642.1A composite measure of Internet users, households with broadband coverage,and average connection speeds.Smart MetersIncrease the number of smart electricity usage meters._a4a1593a-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543642.2The percent of electricity meters that are smart meters.Transit Information SystemsAvailability of machine-readable data on public transit systems._a4a15a20-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543642.3Electronic Health RecordsUse electronic health records._a4a15afc-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543642.4PhysiciansHospitalsThe extent to which physicians and hospitals in a state use electronic healthrecords.Wearables & Smart TVsGrow the numbers of wearables and smart TVs._a4a15f84-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543642.5Internet of Things: Consumer Devices -- A composite score of wearables per 1,000 residents and smart TVs per1,000 residents.Open-Data PortalsImplement open-data portals and policies._a4a160ba-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543642.6Whether the state has open-data portals and policies.E-GovernmentUse digital technologies._a4a16196-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543642.7State GovernmentsA measure of the use of digital technologies by state governments.Human & Business CapitalDevelop Human and Business Capital_a4a16272-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543643Computer Science & StatisticsIncrease the performance on statistics and computer science tests._a4a16358-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543643.1AP StudentsComputer Science and Statistics AP Tests -- A composite score that combines the number of statistics and computer scienceAP tests taken per 100 AP students and the average test result for statistics andcomputer science AP tests.STEM DegreesGrow the number of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) higher-education degrees conferred._a4a1642a-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543643.2STEM GraduatesA weighted measure of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) higher-education degrees conferred as a share of population aged 18 to 34.Software Service JobsGrow the number of people working as computer programmers, software developers, and computer and information systems managers._a4a16506-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543643.3Computer ProgrammersSoftware DevelopersComputer Systems ManagersInformation Systems ManagersTotal number of people working as computer programmers, software developers, and computer and information systems managers as a share of total employment.Statistics JobsGrow the number of people working as statisticians, actuaries, databaseadministrators, and operation research analysts._a4a16600-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543643.4StatisticiansActuariesDatabase AdministratorsOperation Research AnalystsTotal number of people working as statisticians, actuaries, databaseadministrators, and operation research analysts as a share of total employment.Data Science JobsGrow the number of jobs for data scientists._a4a166e6-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543643.5Data ScientistsEmployersData Science Job Listings -- Number of job postings for data scientists as a share of total posted job listings.Open Data CompaniesGrow the number of Open Data companies._a4a167cc-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543643.6Open Data CompaniesOpen Data 500 Companies -- The number of Open Data 500 companies per 10,000 firms.Information & Data-ProcessingGrow the economic output of the information and data-processing industry._a4a168e4-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543643.7Information & Data-Processing SectorInformation and Data-Processing Sector -- The economic output of the information and data-processing industry as a shareof total economic output.Data Science R&DObtain NSF data-science R&D awards._a4a169de-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543643.8National Science FoundationData ScientistsUniversitiesFederal Funding for Data Science R&D --National Science Foundation data-science R&D awards as a share of federal R&D funding for universities.Data Science CommunityFacilitate membership in data-related Meetup groups._a4a16ad8-a790-11e7-a7e8-955da00543643.9Data Science CommunityData Science Community -- Average membership in data-related Meetup groups.2017-10-02http://www2.datainnovation.org/2017-best-states-data.pdfOwenAmburOwen.Ambur@verizon.net