PEACE AND PROSPERITY: MAKE IT HAPPEN -- A CONNECTIVE LEADERSHIP STRATEGY FOR GLOBAL, ENDURING, AND SUSTAINABLE PEACE AND EQUITABLE PROSPERITY This framework focuses on peace as the engine for reenergizing the world economies and developing new leadership strategies, new directions, new goals, new enterprises, new products, new knowledge, including new technology and science, new services, new jobs, and new thinking. It is a plan to use the goal of global, enduring, and sustainable peace to jumpstart the world economy and set it off in a new, expansive, more life-affirming direction.Earlier versions presented at the 7th Multinational Business Symposium, Nanjing University Graduate School of Business, Nanjing, PRC, June, 2011, and the International Leadership Association (ILA) 12th Annual Meeting, London, UK, October, 2011, and JFK School of Government, Harvard University, November, 2011.Connective Leadership InstituteCLI_8e033d58-8e37-11e4-a7ad-6db227151545Jean Lipman-BlumenPeter F. Drucker/Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management Claremont Graduate University & The Connective Leadership InstituteAll SectorsThis admittedly immodest proposal must involve every sector of every nation assuming its unique role.All NationsThe Strategy must begin in every nation simultaneously. No nation must be left out or allowed to back out. No sector of society must be permitted to shirk its responsibility.EveryoneThis enormous task will take every one of us, in every sector of every society, working relentlessly, to achieve this noble goal. It is not a mission for the weak or the faint-hearted. It will take more effort than we can begin to imagine! And time is not our friend. Connective LeadersIn this new era, to achieve an international goal of global, enduring, and sustainable peace, we need a new type of leader who knows how to integrate these opposing forces. We must develop leaders who can see the mutuality in seemingly conflicting agendas, perspectives, values, and cultures. We must seek leaders who understand the need to connect diverse groups, people, and nations, many unlike themselves, leaders who can recognize the oneness of humanity. I call these individuals "connective leaders."Current leaders have not stepped up to the challenge. Sadly, statesmen, diplomats, and politicians around the world remain trapped in outmoded, confrontational, zero-sum strategies for dealing with one another across national boundaries and ideological chasms. They perform equally ineffectively across their domestic divides. They have failed to bring peace, much less prosperity. Military leaders, unprepared to deal with the changing face of warfare, have been stymied, as well. Unfortunately, the dangers of the military-industrial complex remain more potent than ever a half century after U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned the world in his farewell address.1010 Even our religious leaders have not spoken forcefully enough as the carnage of war and violence engulfs the world. When they have acted, their voices are drowned out by more bellicose forces or ignored by media that thrive on conflict.Civil SocietyIt is now civil society's responsibility to lead the way. That means every ordinary citizen, each and every one of us -- government workers, politicians, business people, factory and office workers, unionists, educators, students, plumbers, doctors, nurses, gardeners, lawyers, engineers, telephone repairpersons, military personnel, religious authorities, retired people -- must do our part. CitizensGovernment WorkersPoliticiansBusiness PeopleFactory WorkersOffice WorkersUnionistsEducatorsStudentsPlumbersDoctorsNursesGardenersLawyersEngineersTelephone RepairpersonsMilitary PersonnelReligious AuthoritiesNGO Peace GroupsI am mindful that many others before us -- and many even as we speak -- have labored long and hard in the vineyard of peace. The Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict documents the struggle of myriad non-governmental (NGO) peace groups worldwide. Peace movements have a long and many-splendored, if cyclical, history in countries around the world. Their ongoing efforts attest to the difficulty, as well as the enduring importance, of the task. Despite their best and continuing efforts -- and these peace groups are incredibly resilient -- peace remains stubbornly elusive. The need for peace is relentless; it voraciously expands. So, we must build on the labor of those individuals and groups who have and are still working for peace. We must add our voices, our strengths, and our resources to their magnificent struggle. But we must also invite these pioneers to join with us in re-visioning a Connective Leadership Strategy for Global, Enduring, and Sustainable Peace and Equitable Prosperity that requires every sector of society, in a global transcendent effort, to think and act anew. Defense IndustryCurrently, the world economy is driven, in large part, by a focus on war and defense. At the present time, the defense industry is the second largest industry worldwide (2.7% of World GDP), with an estimated annual expenditure of over US$1.5 trillion on the military, including services and hardware.13 14 15(And this does not count illegal trade in small arms.) The oneness of humanity is recognized -- a truly human identity and a global mission, one that treats every citizen of every country as equal and equally valuable. _80614105-ad6f-11e7-b286-ac9b99054364To use the goal of global, enduring, and sustainable peace to jumpstart the world economy and set it off in a new, expansive, more life-affirming direction._80614106-ad6f-11e7-b286-ac9b99054364LeadershipThe world-wide financial crisis that recently brought us to the brink of disaster has also shaken our confidence in leaders. Leaders have failed us egregiously. We need to step back and rethink leadership. What is the purpose of leadership? As we move forward, what constitutes visionary, principled, and courageous leadership? What are all the leadership development programs and research initiatives designed to do? What exactly are they accomplishing? The overarching purpose of leadership has always been two-fold: 1) the identification of noble enterprises, and 2) an invitation to supporters to join the leader in those ennobling missions that serve society, while creating meaning in their own lives. Each era presents new challenges, and leaders, in league with their constituents, must decide which to tackle.PeaceIn this post-2008 economic era, we must ask ourselves, "Which challenge should we address?" We must also raise the most fundamental and practical question of all: "Leadership for what, if not for the noblest mission: peace?” For without peace, we wantonly squander both the human and material resources we desperately need to place the world economy on a sound footing and restore meaning to peoples' lives. So today, I would like to challenge the world-wide community to brainstorm about a Connective Leadership Strategy for Global, Enduring, and Sustainable Peace and Equitable Prosperity. Peace, as conceptualized here, must be broadly defined to mean far more than the absence of war. Peace must stand on a foundation of justice, equality, sustainability, equitable prosperity, and all the other societal and human needs required for the world's citizenry to live productively, harmoniously, and happily. We must realize Ubuntu in action.JusticeEqualitySustainabilityEquitable ProsperityProductivityHarmonyHappinessPragmatismThis Peace and Prosperity Strategy is proposed, not simply as the most principled approach, but also as the most pragmatic blueprint for rebuilding the global economy after the near-death experience of 2008 and restoring hope throughout the world. HopeConnectivityWe have entered a new historical moment, the Connective Era, where everyone and everything are inexorably connected, like it or not. We live and work cheek by jowl with people often very different from ourselves. Consequently, two distinctly contradictory tensions -- interdependence and diversity -- frame the Connective Era. Living with the powerful forces of diversity and interdependence is inescapable, even desirable. It is not easy, however, primarily because these forces pull us in opposite directions. InterdependenceInterdependence drives us toward collaborative action, encouraging us to recognize our common human needs and longings, as well as our mutual interests, even when those areas of mutuality may be decidedly slim. DiversityDiversity, by contrast, drives us toward independent, solo action that underscores our uniqueness, our differences, and our conflicting agendas. InclusionBecause of these contradictory tensions, we find ourselves in a new world, where inclusion is critical and connection inevitable. Without peace and without leaders who can integrate these opposing forces, we shall continue to dissipate our lives and our resources through escalating conflicts. IntegrationConnective leaders do not seek compromise. They understand, as Mary Parker Follett did so long ago,9 that compromise weakens us, leaves us in a state of instability. Compromise demands that we give up a part of what we wanted, something we deem dear and essential. Compromise creates a numbing sense of loss, leaving us in a dark state of grief and weakness. (Worse yet, that piece we have relinquished will re-emerge, again and again, in other negotiations, until it is satisfied, unless it is addressed through integration.) When leaders urge us to compromise, we inevitably approach the negotiating table with the bitter taste of loss still prickling our tongue. Connective leaders, by contrast, seek integration, starting from even the smallest area of common choice, need, and agreement. They help us to join and build upon our mutual and stable concerns, moving into ever widening circles of mutuality and strength.Common ChoiceCommon NeedAgreementOptimismThrough this process, we begin to savor the sweetness of optimism. We begin to see one other through different eyes. We break the shackles of "us vs. them." In so doing, we all become "us." GoalsThe times demand "connective leaders," who act from their commitment to goals that benefit the group or society, goals that transcend their personal power and profit.CommitmentTranscendenceConnective leaders are perfectly suited to this challenge. We need these connective leaders who can transcend their own egos and help their constituents do the same... I call this effort "transcendent" because a global strategy for peace, linked to prosperity, demands that we each reach deep within ourselves to transcend our individual egos, our ethnic and cultural identities, our organizational allegiances, and even our national pride. Only then can we achieve a truly human identity and a global mission, one that treats every citizen of every country as equal and equally valuable. OutreachThese are leaders who can reach out to other leaders, joining their agendas and combining their constituents' power and resources to attain a more difficult, more stable, more encompassing, nobler goal. TransparencyConnective leaders lead with transparency and ethical concern. They understand that the sparks of innovation ignite by rubbing the flint of unique differences against the stone of interdependence. Integrating -- not compromising -- diversity and interdependence is a central challenge of this era. It is a challenge we must welcome if we seriously seek a long-term, global economic recovery. EthicsInnovationOpennessTo achieve global, enduring, and sustainable peace in an increasingly diverse and interdependent world, we need leaders who can enter the international policy dialogue with fresh eyes, open minds, and hearts determined to unify humankind. Leaders who can transcend not only their own egos, but also their constituents' narrow identities, will open new doors to peace. UnificationEqualityStrategyThis does not mean we have to move in lockstep or even work on the same part of the puzzle at the same time. Yet, we do need a Connective Leadership Strategy for Global, Enduring, and Sustainable Peace and Equitable Prosperity that moves us all toward the same overarching goal.VisionThere must be a clear, inclusive picture to which we all commit ourselves. I emphasize the term "leadership," because, without leadership, no strategy can succeed. DecentralizationThe strategy must be one that can be brought to fruition by many groups, each doing its special part. If we are successful in crafting a global strategy, even as one group lags, it will be buoyed and reinvigorated by the momentum of the rest. And with strong, connective leadership, we can accomplish this critical task. Strategic AlignmentAwarenessLeadership scholar Ronald Heifetz (1994) argues that it is not possible to "move" an issue until it is "ripe." By that, he means enough people must be aware of the issue, feel it deeply, and have both the incentive and the determination to solve it.IncentivesDeterminationTimelinessI do believe the issue of "global, enduring, and sustainable peace and equitable prosperity" is ripe. It is time -- more than time -- to confront this noble enterprise. Worldwide, ordinary people in their most fundamental roles -- as mothers, fathers, wives, husbands, and children -- are sick of war. They thirst for another, more humane, more civilized, more equitable, and democratic way to live. It is time to put our people and our resources to work for the good of humanity everywhere, not just in our own neighborhood, our own company, our own religious community, nor even simply in our own country. That is what the protests are symbolizing. Before you insist that what has failed in the past is bound to fail again, let us first remember Heifetz's insight: The issue must be ripe. And the yearning for peace is ripe right now! The historical moment is right!TechnologyAnd new technology, particularly social media, makes this Connective Leadership Strategy possible now, not before. There is no time to lose.Department of PeaceEstablish a Department or Ministry of Peace._c033ca3a-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731Dr. Benjamin RushA Department of Peace may sound new and radical; however, it is quite the opposite. In fact, more than 200 years ago, Dr. Benjamin Rush, a member of the American Continental Congress and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, published an essay entitled, "A plan of a Peace-Office for the United States." Rush proposed an Office of Peace that would "inspire a veneration for human life, and a horror at the shedding of human blood (and) …subdue that passion for war."A DEPARTMENT OF PEACE -- First and foremost, this Strategy proposes that: Every national government should establish a Department or Ministry of Peace, following Costa Rica's 2009 example, funded by a substantial budget taken from the Department of Defense ...LawsConvert Department or Ministry of Peace campaigns, bills, and petitions into law worldwide._c033ce22-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731.1Currently, 35 countries have campaigns to introduce a Department or Ministry of Peace, and all deliberate haste should be made to convert these campaigns, bills, and petitions into law worldwide. In every country, citizens must press their national representatives to support, or introduce if necessary, similar legislation ...LinksLink Departments of Peace to other government agencies devoted to resolving conflicts and building peace._c033cfc6-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731.2Departments of Peace, once established, should be linked to any other existing government agencies devoted to resolving conflicts and building peace ...Nuclear WeaponsEliminate nuclear weapons._c033d41c-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731.3Departments of Peace, worldwide, should take as their top priority the elimination of nuclear weapons, with safeguards to ensure that all nations comply ...Joint CouncilEstablish a joint council to link the Department of Peace and the Department of Defense._c033d5ca-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731.4A Joint Council on Defending the Peace, composed of senior personnel from the Department of Peace and the Department of Defense, and reporting to the Vice President of the country, should be established as a permanent link between these two cabinet-level departments; * The Joint Council would function as a blood vessel connecting the two departments and bringing vitality to both. Including senior Department of Defense personnel would enable their formative and influential perspective on the military's role in keeping the peace. It would also build on the expertise already contained in existing structures. * A primary purpose of the Joint Council would be to explain each department to the other and also to serve a coordinating function. The oversight of this permanent Joint Council should be a top priority for the Vice President and provide the Joint Council with considerable clout and a clear communication link to the President. * The Joint Council also would act as an "innovation lab" for joint projects for the Department of Peace and DOD, focusing upon the joint responsibility of the DOP and the DOD to "keep the peace."ContractsLet for-profit contracts for peace entrepreneurship, peace innovation, peace R&D, peace development, sustainability for peace, and peace education programs, as well as for the design and creation of peace-promoting and conflict-resolving institutions._c033d746-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731.5Defense ContractorsSocial EntrepreneursBusinesspeopleDepartments of Peace should let for-profit contracts for peace entrepreneurship, peace innovation, peace R&D, peace development, sustainability for peace, and peace education programs, as well as for the design and creation of peace-promoting and conflict-resolving institutions. * This includes not only former defense contractors, but social entrepreneurs and other businesspeople who want to "do good, while doing well." Production of products, processes, services, research, development, and technology focused on peace, a green economy, economic growth and stability, sustainability, climate change, and other issues that contribute to the positive, productive condition of society could receive for-profit Department of Peace contracts. (We’ll return to this issue in the section on Business.)FundingDiscourage the unnecessarily extensive defense industry._c033d8f4-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731.6Defense Funding -- We have already considered the immense profits the defense industry earns during wartime. I am hardly the first to call attention to the size of defense industry profits in the US. Nor is this the place to consider them in great detail. Nor is the American defense industry a singular example. Defense industry companies around the globe are making astronomical profits. To discourage the unnecessarily extensive defense industry, this Strategy proposes two actions, both of which will require a business/government partnership:NonprofitsRequire the defense industry to operate as non-profit businesses._c033daac-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731.6.1Swedish TVFor example, Swedish TV, in December, 2010, profiled an Egyptian business owner discussing how he converted his land mine manufacturing factory to the production of land mine detectors. He spoke with pride about his increased profits. He spoke, however, with even greater satisfaction and humility based on his awareness that he now was doing something to help, rather than harm, humanity. Clearly, this individual's motivation, as well as his sense of material and human worth, had expanded when he converted his business to a peace-building activity. That is Peace Entrepreneurship in practice.Defense IndustryThat intriguing example made me think more deeply about the motivation of captains of the defense industry. Are these business leaders really committed to making war materials for the sake of war -- or for the sake of profits? Clearly the individual on TV was happier and richer in his peace-building business. We suspect that if there were only limited profit to be made in war manufacturing and more to be made in peace- and sustainability-related businesses, the current and future captains of the defense industry will seriously reconsider what kind of businesses they want to build. First, Worldwide legislation requiring the defense industry, prompted by expectable patriotism, to operate as non-profit businesses ...IncentivesCreate incentives for defense industries to switch to for-profit Peace Entrepreneurship._c033dc14-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731.6.2Second, Government-provided conversion funds to create incentives for defense industries to switch to for-profit Peace Entrepreneurship. That includes production of products, processes, services, research, development, and technology focused on peace, reduction of poverty, improvements to health, housing, education, a green economy, economic growth and stability, sustainability, climate change, and other issues that contribute to the positive, productive, and peaceful condition of society. SA/LWEliminate illicit trade in small arms and light weapons (SA/LW)._c033ddf4-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731.7CIADepartment of Homeland SecurityMilitaryFederation of American ScientistsGovernment agencies, such as the CIA, various offices within the Department of Homeland Security, as well as the military, should track down and eliminate illicit trade in small arms and light weapons (SA/LW), as the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) and other groups have attempted to do. According to the FAS, "SA/LW account for an estimated 60-90% of the 100,000 conflict deaths each year (Small Arms Survey 2005) and tens of thousands of additional deaths outside of war zones. They are also the weapons of choice for many terrorists." Tracking down and eliminating illicit trade in SA/LW is a complex matter, because SA/LW also serve legitimate law enforcement, military, sporting, and recreational purposes. Thus, as the FAS suggests, unlike weapons of mass destruction, their manufacture cannot be banned outright. Nonetheless, it is the illicit diversion and improper use of SA/LW that need to be controlled.War ProfiteeringEnact war profiteering prevention legislation._c033df70-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c732ANTI-WAR-PROFITEERING LEGISLATION -- One major reason war often seems like a positive decision is the belief that there are profits to be made from war. (We have already noted the immense worldwide defense industry.) In cases where military materiel is actually for the "defense of country," should this not be conceived as a "patriotic duty," created for one's country as close to cost as possible? To discourage exorbitant profits in the defense industry, this Strategy proposes that all governments should pass War Profiteering Prevention Legislation. In those countries that already have such proposals on their legislative agendas, citizens should urge their legislators to act with dispatch. In those that do not, citizens should propose and insist upon such legislation. Peace DividendAnalyze the Peace Dividend to determine how to derive its benefits._c033e11e-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c732.1Some economists argue that business has much to gain from peace, despite the traditional belief that war ignites the engines of industry. They suggest that there is a long-term "peace benefit," as wartime budgets and other resources can be redirected to the critical needs of society. The Peace Dividend discussion is far too complex for our purposes here, but it needs to happen. It involves, at a minimum, an analysis of which countries actually reduced their military spending in post-war periods, and how those resources were redeployed, as well as other important issues. Yet, this discussion is imperative. So, this Strategy proposes that governments sponsor * An Analysis of the Peace Dividend to determine how to derive the benefits suggested by proponents. MilitaryRethink the military, its mission, and its composition._c033e2e0-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c733MilitaryRETHINKING THE MILITARY -- It is time to rethink the military, its mission, and its composition. This step must be taken to follow the example of countries, like Costa Rica and others. This Strategy proposes that: ReductionReduce the military to a limited, militia-like organization._c033e48e-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c733.1Every government should reduce its military to a limited, militia-like organization used primarily for 1) defending its borders and handling other 2) national emergencies, including natural disastersBordersDefending borders._c033e632-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c733.1.1Emergencies & DisastersHandle national emergencies, including natural disasters._c0346c06-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c733.1.2Foreign BasesEliminate all military bases on foreign soil._c0346e04-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c733.2Every government, within the same time frame, should eliminate all military bases on foreign soil, since, in a world without war there will be no further need for them ...R&DFocus the bulk of military resources on R&D._c0346f8a-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c733.3DARPAThe military should focus the bulk of its resources on R&D, for which it has demonstrated unrivalled capacity, training, and creativity. One magnificent example of the military's R&D brilliance: DARPA created the internet and thereby changed how the world communicates. Similar enormous R&D challenges remain, from climate change, to alternative fuels, new modes of travel, renewed infrastructure, and space exploration, to name a few. Let us release the military to express its own genius for peaceful innovation ...Peace-Keeping ForceContribute to an International Peace-Keeping Force._c0347156-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c733.4Every government should contribute to a significant International Peace- Keeping Force that would be responsible for intervening at the very outbreak of hostilities wherever they might arise in the world. This worldwide military peace-keeping force would have the backing of the entire international community, and thus act in the interest of keeping peace for the whole world. Having an international peace-keeping force would eliminate suspicions of imperialism or hegemony that inevitably arise when individual nations, or even a limited coalition of nations, intervene militarily in external conflicts; We recognize there may be times when countries feel they need to act in their national self-defense. But we urge that, when a nation's own survival is threatened, that country call upon the International Peace-Keeping Force to intervene. And, if this Connective Leadership Strategy for Global, Enduring, and Sustainable Peace and Equitable Prosperity is adopted by every country, or even a majority of countries worldwide, the need to act in self-defense will diminish. In those countries, including the US, where military service is voluntary, it is inescapably inequitable. Usually volunteers come primarily from those groups with the most limited economic and educational opportunities. There are, of course, exceptions, including many individuals from distinguished military families. Aside from the inequity of a volunteer military, there is another serious problem: In nations where military service is on a volunteer basis, the total citizenry cannot feel the true social and psychological burdens that servicemen and women and their families bear. War remains hidden within that social class. The rest of us go on about our business as usual. If every family were in danger of shouldering the burden of war, we would all be far more aware that peace was imperative. That is what happened during the Vietnam War, and the universally-distributed responsibility contributed heavily to ending that disastrous situation. This Strategy, therefore, proposes that: Universal ServiceMake military service universal and determined by lottery._c03472d2-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c733.5Military service must be universal and determined by lottery, in order to distribute the burden more equitably. These universally-drafted men and women would serve both in the International Peace-Keeping Force, as well as in their own national military. First ServersRequire legislators who vote for war to agree that they and their grown children and grandchildren will be the first to serve in the military._c0347462-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c733.6PoliticiansLegislatorsDeclarations of war are made by politicians, who then ordinarily proceed to send other people's children into harm's way in military action. To erect a road block to this easy path to war, this Connective Leadership Strategy proposes that * Legislators who vote for war must agree that they and their grown children and grandchildren will be the first to serve in the military and volunteer for the most hazardous assignments. When those whose decisions put us on the road to war are forced to feel firsthand the anxiety and pain of battle, they undoubtedly will be far more likely to search for peaceful resolutions. Campaigns & Term LimitsRethink political campaigns and term limits._c0347638-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c734RETHINKING POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS AND POLITICAL TERM LIMITS -- Political campaigns that extend over months, even years, as they do in the US, expend vast sums of money desperately needed for more pressing human problems. Some countries manage to limit their political campaigns to weeks. In the UK, for example, 44 days is seen as an unduly long time for a national election. In Ireland, from the time candidates declare, it is four weeks until the election. Thus, this Strategy proposes that ...CampaignsShorten political campaigns to no more than six weeks._c03477c8-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c734.1Political campaigns shall be shortened to no more than six weeks to conserve both time and money ...FundingFund campaigns with public monies._c0347962-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c734.2These time-limited political campaigns should be funded solely with public monies, so that corporate and other private interests cannot wield inappropriate influence on election outcomes or develop a hold on individual elected officials ...Term LimitatsLimit elected political representatives to one six-year term at the local and another six-year term at the national level._c0347b42-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c734.3Elected Political RepresentativesElected political representatives should be limited to one six-year term at the local and another six-year term at the national level in order to reduce the influence of entrenched interests and tendencies toward corruption. If elected officials do not have to consider their re-election, they can vote freely, without indebtedness to any group ... LobbyingMake lobbying illegal._c0347cdc-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c734.4LobbyistsLegislation should be introduced to make the lobbying of political candidates, as well as elected and appointed public officials, an illegal activity.Education_c03481a0-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c735PUBLIC EDUCATION -- Educational Funding -- As the world becomes increasingly complex and interconnected, largely through advanced technology, a more educated citizenry will be needed to enable society to function productively. The burden of student loans is a barrier to educating current and future generations. In 2011, the College Board reported that US students were "borrowing twice what they did a decade ago after adjusting for inflation." Current estimates list total US outstanding student loan debt between $902 billion and $1 trillion. "The Federal Reserve Bank of New York reports $902 billion,34 while the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau reports $41 trillion. Roughly $864 billion is outstanding federal student loan debt, while the remaining $150 billion is in private student loans…not made or backed by the Federal Government." The figures on per capita student debt are devastating, too voluminous and too depressing, in fact, to report here. This overwhelming personal debt incurred by college graduates and graduate degree holders impedes their purchase of homes and cars, delays marriage, and affects their health. In some cases, it even diminishes their ability to purchase "daily necessities." Yet, according to the President's FY 2016 Federal Discretionary Spending Budget request sent to Congress in February, 2013, 54% of the budget was to be allocated to the military (Department of Defense, war, and nuclear weapons programs and excluding 6% for Veterans' Benefits), compared to 6% for education, all levels combined. Given the earlier plan for reducing each country's military defense force, replaced by a strengthened international peace-keeping force, this Strategy proposes the following recommendation, drawing on proposed reductions for defense: Student LoansForgive federal student loans and repay private loans to banks and other lenders._c03483ee-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c735.1The Federal Government should forgive all existing federal student loans and repay all existing private loans to banks and other lenders.Higher EducationExtend public education funding to cover k-16._c03485b0-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c735.2CollegesUniversitiesThe Federal Government should extend public education funding to cover k-16, that is, to include a 4-year baccalaureate degree from public colleges and universities. Any students who prefer private colleges will be responsible for any additional costs of private college and university tuition that exceed the amount allotted for public college/university funding.Graduate EducationOffer no-interest loans, scholarships, and work-study programs for graduate level education._c034875e-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c735.3Graduate StudentsThe Federal Government should offer no-interest loans, scholarships, and work-study programs for graduate level education beyond the baccalaureate. Educational ProgramsInculcate a culture of peace in students._5fa52b6c-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4Educational InstitutionsStudentsEducational institutions transmit and promote the culture of a country. Some educational institutions are already working assiduously to inculcate a culture of peace, including peacemaking attitudes, values, and skills in their students. Still, much more needs to be done. From elementary school to post-graduate institutions, every level must play its part. Consequently, this Strategy proposes that ...Bullying, Mediation & NegotiationBuild bullying prevention as well as mediation and negotiation skills development programs_5fa52ea0-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.1Elementary and secondary schools build broad-based Bullying Prevention Programs, as well as Mediation and Negotiation Skills Development Programs. These programs should focus, not simply on the process of bullying, which allows us to remain emotionally distant, but on the persona of bullies as "uncool cowards." ... Bullying Prevention Programs and Mediation and Negotiation Skills Development Programs should be as fundamental to the curriculum as reading, writing, and arithmetic. As the bullying epidemic spreads among school-aged children, often with deadly results, it has becomes increasingly clear that we must reach children, their teachers, and their parents at the earliest possible stage. In that way, we can build awareness and skills to prevent this deadly form of interaction. Bullying experts insist that preventing bullying on the playground will serve to diminish bullying in the executive suite later in life (Blumen, 2011).CounselingCreate counseling programs for bullies and victims of bullies, along with their families._5fa530bc-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.2Elementary SchoolsSecondary SchoolsElementary and secondary schools should create counseling programs for bullies and victims of bullies, along with their familiesTrainingDevelop training programs for teachers and other school personnel to teach the most effective methods for dealing with bullies and their victims._5fa53b3e-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.3Elementary SchoolsSecondary SchoolsElementary and secondary schools should develop training programs for teachers and other school personnel to teach the most effective methods for dealing with bullies and their victims. CurriculaDevelop peace and justice curricula._5fa53d5a-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.4Elementary and secondary schools should develop peace and justice curriculaPeace & Justice AcademiesEstablish peace and justice academies._5fa5408e-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.5School DistrictsChildrenElementary and secondary peace and justice academies should be established in every school district, with "social justice laboratories" designed to enlighten children about the serious consequences of inequality and lack of justice.Peace & Justice StudiesInaugurate university and post-graduate peace and justice studies curricula._5fa543e0-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.6UniversitiesPost-Graduate InstitutionsUniversities and post-graduate institutions inaugurate full-scale Peace and Justice Studies Curricula for those institutions that do not already have them (and, unfortunately, most do not). The curriculum should focus on the "pedagogy of peace," including factors and conditions leading to and/or preventing peace, a new definition of peace that goes beyond the "absence of war" and moves toward peace as a condition of growth, creativity, and self-transcendence. Psychological StudiesFocus on psychological studies._5fa545ca-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.7Curricula should focus on psychological studies of the processes that lead to the "we/they dichotomy," as well as training in negotiation and mediation processes, empathy, forgiveness and reconciliation, positive psychology, new approaches to leadership, and other aspects of human development, etc.ResearchAddress the antecedents and causes of conflict and peace, the means for conflict resolution and reconciliation, as well as the horrific costs of war. _5fa547c8-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.8Broad-based Research Programs should foster scientific research that addresses the antecedents and causes of conflict and peace, the means for conflict resolution and reconciliation, as well as the horrific costs of war. ViolenceFocus on the roots of violence._5fa54a0c-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.8.1Research should focus on the roots of violence, as well as the relationship between and among war/violence, health, and longevity; inter-group relations; the relationship between happiness and peace (positive psychology); neighborhood arrangements and programs that foster peaceful co-existence of diverse groups; the antecedent and mediating factors in gang development; the connection between identity theory and war/violence; leadership strategies that lead to group productivity and health; new directions in leadership research that focus on all aspects of peace and peace-related behavior; research from all the social and behavioral sciences, as well as the burgeoning field of neuroscience, should address the factors that help us avoid and resolve conflicts, as well as attain peace. Intractable ConflictsCreate centers for the resolution and reconciliation of "intractable" conflicts._5fa54c00-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.9UniversitiesMedia RepresentativesNo media representatives should be allowed on the premises. Nor should media be permitted to contact the negotiating parties at any time during the mediation sessions or between sessions in cases of ongoing mediation. In each region of every country, this Connective Leadership Strategy proposes that * Universities create Centers for the Resolution and Reconciliation of "Intractable" Conflicts.Mediation & NegotiationProvide mediators and negotiators parties to attempt to resolve their conflicts._5fa54df4-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.9.1MediatorsNegotiatorsFetzer InstituteThese Centers should provide trained mediators and negotiators for the various parties who will be invited to those venues to wrestle with and attempt to resolve their conflicts. Where these centers already exist, they should be strengthened and coordinated. Funding should be provided by the Department of Peace or a suitable foundation (e.g., the Fetzer Institute).Conflict ResolutionOffer opportunities for parties in conflict to come together to work out their disagreements._5fa550e2-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.9.2Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation Centers can offer parties involved in conflicts the opportunity to come together to work out their disagreements in a private space, without media scrutiny. Mediation and negotiation services and training, as well as meeting facilities and housing, should be made available to these groups for as long as needed.ProgramsDevelop programs in collaboration with professional mediators._5fa5554c-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.9.3Mediators beyond BordersProfessional MediatorsThe Centers should develop programs in collaboration with professional mediators, such as Mediators beyond Borders, and other established mediation experts. When the conflicting parties meet an impasse, they should be allowed to retire for some specific, but limited, period of time, but then be required to return to the mediation table. Resolution Followup_5fa56046-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.10NegotiatorsIf and when a conflict is satisfactorily resolved, the key successful negotiators should be required * To return to the Center to act as successful role models for at least one subsequent set of conflicting parties, and * To reflect on the process and help refine and develop even more effective strategies for resolving complex conflicts. Role ModelsProvide successful role models for conflicting parties_5fa56848-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.10.1StrategiesHelp refine and develop more effective strategies for resolving complex conflicts._5fa56bea-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c735.4.10.2Criminal JusticeReform the criminal justice system._c034893e-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c736Private Prison IndustryThe prison industry has been privatized "in nearly every region of the world…despite mounting evidence that such systems are often neither cost-efficient not able to provide adequate services." The US imprisons 2.29 million people, "more people, both per capita and in absolute terms than any other nation in the world, including Russia, China, and Iran."ACLUAccording to the ACLU, "The number of inmates in (US) private prisons increased by roughly 1600 percent between 1990 and 2009. In 2010, the two largest private prison companies alone took in nearly $3 billion in revenue, and their top executives each received annual compensation packages worth well over $3 million."CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM REFORM -- The criminal justice system is in need of serious reform, a subject far beyond the scope of this Peace Plan. Suffice it to say, that the escalating incarceration problem, largely fed by the underlying drug problem, is out of control, with more than two million inmates, by current count. The International Centre for Prison Studies reported that "more than 10.1 million people are held in penal institutions throughout the world, mostly as pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners or as sentenced prisoners. Almost half of these are in the United States (2.29 m) Russia (0.81m) or China (1.65 m sentenced prisoners.)" A disproportionate number of minorities and poverty-level individuals have been incarcerated in US prisons. Two major studies of released prisoners indicate that the recidivism and reconviction rates within three years remain close to two-thirds of the released populations. This suggests that:Skills DevelopmentTeach prisoners marketable skills._c0348aec-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c736.1PrisonersEducational programs designed to teach prisoners marketable skills for their post-prison lives are sorely needed.CounselingAddress the dysfunctional personality issues and decision making processes exhibited by prisoners_5fa56e1a-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c736.2PrisonersPsychological CounselorsPsychological counseling programs in prisons need to address the dysfunctional personality issues and decision making processes exhibited by prisonersNon-ProfitsConvert the private prison industry to non-profit status._5fa570f4-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c736.3Worldwide legislation should be promulgated converting the private prison industry, wherever it exists, from for-profit to non-profit status.RehabilitationRedirect government funding to rehabilitation industry._5fa57360-ae35-11e7-9f90-7315cd594c736.4Redirect government funding from previous for-profit prison industry programs to rehabilitation industry (drug treatment and other life counseling programs, etc.) to help reduce prison populations.BusinessEngage in peace entrepreneurship._c0348d80-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c737Peace EntrepreneursTHE ROLE OF BUSINESS: PEACE ENTREPRENEURSHIP -- Business, in particular, with its prodigious resources and resourcefulness, has a special, vital role to play; however, business cannot do it singlehandedly. Yet, business can be innovative and self-starting. Let's call the overall business component "Peace Entrepreneurship." Innovation, R&D, and entrepreneurship, all focused on peace, can present the business sector with enormous, energizing opportunities. As noted earlier, this redirection of the business sector’s focus would act much the same as President John F. Kennedy's challenge to land a human on the moon in 10 years. That challenge galvanized American society, particularly business and the military, to create a plethora of new products, new science and technology, and new conceptual frameworks for still further developments. With that in mind, this Strategy proposes: Contracts_c0348f6a-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c731Peace EntrepreneursDefense ContractorsSocial EntrepreneursBusinesspeopleDepartment of Peace Contracts for Peace Entrepreneurship. This includes not only former defense contractors, but also social entrepreneurs and other businesspeople who want to "do good, while doing well." All the activities mentioned previously (i.e., production of products, processes, services, research, development, and technology focused on peace, a green economy, economic growth and stability, sustainability, climate change, and other issues that contribute to the positive, productive condition of society) could receive Department of Peace contracts. Business StructuresConsider innovations in the types of business structures._cc7dd888-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2Social EntrepreneursSocial Entrepreneurship, of which Benefit Corporations, B Corporations, and L3C's are some new examples, is an important aspect of peace. Social entrepreneurship can be encouraged through contracts from the Department of Peace. Three New Statutory Forms of Corporations: L3C’s, B Corporations, and Benefit Corporations -- As part of an enhanced business strategy, we need to consider innovations in the types of business structures we can create. We need to move beyond the narrow set of for-profits and non-profits. Two new statutory forms of corporations are particularly worth our notice: L3C's (lowprofit, limited liability companies) and their for-profit cousins, Benefit Corporations, which already exist in the United Kingdom. They are new arrivals on the corporate scene in some American states, since 2008. These innovative corporate structures offer new business opportunities for entrepreneurs and investors, as well as for foundations, to promote socially-beneficial, peaceful research efforts, products, and services. Related, but different, L3C’s and B Corporations are designed to "use the power of business to solve social and environmental problems" and generally to benefit society. L3CsConduct religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational activities while incidentally making a profit._cc7ddb76-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2.1L3CsL3C's are for-profit, limited liability companies that allow program related investments (PRI's) by private foundations and other investors. Although the L3C may earn a profit and distribute that profit to its members, profit making is not meant to be the primary aim of the corporation. The state legislation authorizing L3C's stipulates that the primary exempt purpose must meet the requirements of Internal Revenue Code §170(c) (2) (B) (e.g., religious, charitable, scientific, literary, or educational). Thus, profit making, while allowed, is a secondary purpose of an L3C. Although L3C's can be created as "stand alone" entities that wish to brand themselves as “charitable” organizations, they can also be created by public charities that wish to create a for-profit arm.Benefit CorporationsBenefit society as well as shareholders._cc7dde14-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2.2Benefit CorporationsBenefit Corporations are a second new statutory corporate form, available in certain states within the United States, as well as elsewhere. Benefit Corporations are for-profit entities that benefit society, as well as shareholders. "B Corporations must create a positive impact on society and the environment; consider how decisions affect workers, community, and the environment; and publicly report their social and environmental performance according to third party standards." While an L3C is required to have a specific and primary §170(c) (2) (B) exempt purpose, Benefit Corporations are designed to offer a “general public benefit." The law defines a "general public benefit" as “a material, positive impact on society and the environment, as measured by a third party standard, through activities that promote a combination of specific public benefits."SocietyShareholdersThe Benefit Corporation may “include one of the following specific public purposes in its organization documents:Beneficial Products & ServicesProvide individuals or communities with beneficial products or services_cc7de530-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2.2.1IndividualsCommunitiesEconomic OpportunityPromote economic opportunity for individuals or communities beyond the creation of jobs in the normal course of business_cc7de8c8-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2.2.2EnvironmentPreserve the environment_cc7deb16-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2.2.3HealthImprove human health_cc7deff8-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2.2.4Arts, Sciences & KnowledgePromote the arts, sciences, or advancement of knowledge_cc7df304-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2.2.5CapitalIncrease the flow of capital to entities with a public benefit purpose_cc7df688-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2.2.6Other BenefitsAccomplish other particular benefits for society or the environment_cc7dfa8e-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2.2.7B CorporationsGive equal weight and attention to profit and societal benefit._cc7dfdc2-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.2.3B CorporationsA third, and sometimes confusing, entity is the B Corporation, which is designated yearly by B Labs. A B Corporation is "merely a certification of a company that can be incorporated as an LLC or a C corporation, while a Benefit Corporation is not automatically certified as a B corporation." And while the L3C must assign profit-making secondary priority, the Benefit Corporation is allowed to give equal weight and attention to profit and societal benefit. B LabsUnionsDevelop peacemaking programs_cc7e0088-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.3UnionsMediation GroupsEducational Organizations Business OrganizationsMilitary InstitutionsUnions, too, have a significant leadership role to play in this global Connective Leadership Strategy for enduring peace. Unions have strong negotiating and mediating capabilities that can be put to good use in our search for peace. They have a deep history in mediation, which should be focused on the larger issue of global peace. This Strategy proposes that * Unions join in partnerships with mediation groups to develop peacemaking programs for educational, business, and military institutions, as well as for other types of organizations. By so doing, unions can move to the next level of development, where they can lead the way for profitable and less conflict-ridden work environments.The Media_cc7e0448-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.4The MediaThe media's role during wartime has often been courageous, complex, and controversial. During the Vietnam War, iconic media images of children, their clothes ignited by napalm, stirred outrage around the world.Malcolm BrowneOn June 11, 1963, photographer Malcolm Browne famously snapped an image of Thich Quang Duc, a seventy-three-year-old Buddhist monk, who set himself on fire at a busy Saigon intersection, as bystanders watched in sickening horror. Protests against the Vietnam War erupted, and the rest is history.Thich Quang DucMohamed BouaziziMore recently, a 26-year-old Tunisian fruit vendor, Mohamed Bouazizi, set himself ablaze in direct view of the governor's office to protest the humiliation he had endured when local authorities confiscated his fruit, attacked him, and refused him a vendor's license.President Zine el-Abidine Ben AliWhen news of Bouazizi's protest spread -- this time, through social media -- it sparked a revolution that ultimately unseated Tunisian President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, who had held a tight grip on power for 23 years.JournalistsIn recent military conflicts, the media initially complained that they were not allowed to witness actual combat. This eventually led to the policy of embedding journalists and news photographers in military units to permit them to see firsthand war's harsh realities.News PhotographersThe PublicFor a complex set of corporate, military, and other reasons, the public still does not get to see the worst of war. And with good reason: In the past, when the horrors of war have been widely broadcast, the public has been stirred from its lethargy and moved to action, as we saw in the Vietnam example. When any country is engaged in war, this Strategy proposes ...Photos & StoriesTake photos and file stories that depict, not the glory, but the goriness, of war_cc7e0786-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.4.1News MediaThe PublicNews media take photos and file stories that depict, not the glory, but the goriness, of war so that the general public, worldwide, can see and judge for itself whether it chooses to support the carnage. In that role, the media could perform a valuable service for peace. And if they choose not to do so, or are prevented by editors or corporate bosses, then “I-reporters,” using social media, can step in and send viral images that will increase the outrage and the call for peace. Peace MagazineSponsor a weekly peace magazine_cc7e09f2-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.4.2TV ChannelsScholarsPeace ActivistsLegislatorsCitizensAll TV channels should sponsor a weekly Peace Magazine, in which various peace issues can be discussed by scholars, peace activists, legislators, and the general citizenry. DocumentariesFilm documentaries on the horrors of war, as well as the beauty and productivity of peace._cc7e0e0c-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.4.3Film IndustryThe film industry should film documentaries on the horrors of war, as well as the beauty and productivity of peace. Video Games & AppsMake peace video games and apps for mobile devices_cc7e11a4-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.4.4Video Game IndustryThe video game industry should make peace video games and apps for mobile devices. In this way, these NGO’s can create a stronger voice in the international policy dialogue about enduring global peace. ReligionMobilize the faithful in the struggle against hatred, violence, and war_cc7e14ec-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.5Religious InstitutionsReligious LeadersParadoxically and regrettably, religion and religious identity continue to create a major fulcrum of war. Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen has written eloquently about the process by which we unnecessarily, but consistently, narrow our multiple identities into a single identity -- often our religion. Then, he argues, we see the world narrowly and darkly through that lens. Violence, Sen warns us, is the inevitable consequence. Sen insists: "The prospects for peace in the contemporary world may well lie in the recognition of the plurality of our affiliations and in the use of reasoning as common inhabitants of a wide world, rather than making us into inmates rigidly incarcerated in little containers." (Sen, 2006, p. xvii.) Since the identity that many cling to most rigidly is their religious identity, we need the dedicated assistance of religious leaders to free their followers from their dangerous sectarian imprisonment. In the turbulent post 9/11 world, we rarely hear religious leaders speaking out for peace. The voices of those who have called for peace and interfaith harmony have been drowned out by the voices of hate. Around the world, millions of believers wait for their religious leaders to guide their actions. Mobilizing the faithful in the struggle against hatred, violence, and war is a noble duty that religious leaders should increasingly undertake. Since our aim is not to ignite a counter-productive debate among the various religious groups who have yet to join hands, many of which have labored mightily for peace, let's include some general recommendations that others before us have also made. This Connective Leadership Strategy proposes that Religious EducationFocus religious education on inter-faith acceptance, harmony, and respect_cc7e192e-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.5.1ChildrenYoung PeopleAdultsReligious education focus on inter-faith acceptance, harmony, and respect, beginning with programs for young children and continuing through adult faith-based education programsEcumenical ProgramsStrengthen ecumenical programs to teach interfaith understanding, harmony, and collaboration_cc7e1d70-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.5.2Religious LeadersReligious leaders strengthen ecumenical programs to teach interfaith understanding, harmony, and collaborationInter-Faith Harmony & ReconciliationConvene ecumenical conferences to create a strategy for inter-faith harmony and reconciliation_cc7e2022-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.5.3Religious LeadersReligious leaders join hands to convene high-level and on-going ecumenical conferences to create a strategy for inter-faith harmony and reconciliation and communicate it to their followers; (Several "Day of Prayer" ecumenical meetings have been held, first in Assisi, Italy, in 1986, and some subsequently. Such laudable activity must occur on an expanded, on-going basis.)Policy DialogueInject a united voice for peace into the worldwide policy dialogue_cc7e24a0-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.5.4Religious LeadersReligious leaders inject their united voice for peace into the worldwide policy dialogueAction PlansConvene congresses and adopt plans of action for mobilizing efforts for peace. _cc7e2a7c-aeb7-11e7-addd-f678d7594c737.5.5Religious GroupsExisting religious groups, both formally within religious institutions, such as orders of religious, and the laity affiliated with religious institutions, should convene congresses and adopt plans of action for mobilizing efforts for peace. Leadership GroupsDetermine the goal of leadership_0b8f7f32-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6Leadership GroupsLeadership Groups and Programs, Peace Groups, and Other NGO's -- Leadership associations and institutes must address the central question stated earlier, "Leadership for What?" What should be the action goal of all this leadership research, teaching, and leadership practice if not the noblest goal of all: the achievement and ongoing promotion of peace, which then enables us to redirect our resources and attention to the remaining great challenges society faces?Peace GroupsNGOsThis document is designed simply to offer some examples of how different sectors of society can participate in a society-wide and society-deep effort. The medical and legal professions, as well as engineering and architecture, have much to contribute to innovations for peace and sustainability. Their new directions must be added to this document.Every industry, from aerospace to agriculture, would have its special role in contributing to the Connective Leadership Strategy for Global, Enduring, and Sustainable Peace and Equitable Prosperity.There are many other pieces of the societal peace puzzle to be designed and implemented. I call on everyone reading this document to send his/her ideas and amendments to complete/amend this plan. The current document is simply a "call to peaceful arms."Each society will need to adapt the plan to fit its specific structure, culture, and traditions; however, there should be as much uniformity as cultural differences allow. In that way, we shall all be "on the same page," and, as Cleopatra insisted, we can “make it happen!” CoordinationDevelop a coordinating strategy_0b8f82de-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.1International Leadership AssociationLeadership AssociationsLeadership InstitutesLeadership CentersUniversity-Based Leadership ProgramsBecause of its international reach,* The International Leadership Association (ILA), in coordination with other broad-based leadership organizations, should develop a coordinating strategy aimed at all the existing leadership associations, institutes, centers, and university-based leadership programs. IntegrationMap and integrate efforts to create leadership training initiatives to develop connective and other types of leaders_0b8f859a-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.2Leadership ScholarsLeadership PractitionersLeadership scholars and practitioners should map and integrate the efforts of all these groups to create leadership training initiatives to develop connective and other types of leaders with peacemaking and peace-building skills. InfluenceIncrease influence on governments and international bodies to work toward peace_0b8f8e96-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.3Leadership GroupsPeace GroupsNGOsGovernmentInternational BodiesLeadership groups need to join forces with Peace groups, other NGO's, as well asgovernment agencies interested in global, enduring, and sustainable peace andequitable prosperity, to increase their influence on governments and internationalbodies to work toward peace. Coordination StrategyCreate a coordinating strategy for establishing an on-going, robust presence at the United Nations and all other broad-based international bodies dedicated to peace_0b8f922e-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.3.1United NationsInternational BodiesFor example, these groups should create a coordinating strategy for establishingan on-going, robust presence at the United Nations and all other broad-basedinternational bodies dedicated to peace. InnovationThink "outside the box" and providing funds for other individuals and groups to do the same_0b8f94fe-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.4FoundationsFoundations play an important role in society, creating cutting edge, innovative programs that the society needs, but often cannot afford. They do this by thinking "outside the box" and providing funds for other individuals and groups to do the same. This Strategy proposes that FoundationsThink TanksDesign, establish, and support "think tanks" that continually conduct dialoguesamong different sectors of society to re-envision and implement global, enduring,and sustainable peace_0b8f9b16-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.4.1ResearchSupport university- and "think tank"-based research and Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation Centers. _0b8f9e9a-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.4.2 This visionary role is one that foundations are well equipped to handle.RemindersRemind us of the horrors and tragedies of war_0b8fa16a-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.5MuseumsMuseums, such as the Museum of Tolerance, in Los Angeles, the Holocaust Museum, in Washington, DC, the Anna Frank House, in Amsterdam, and the War Memorial of Korea, in Seoul, are telling examples of how cultural institutions can remind us of the horrors and tragedies of war.Museum of ToleranceHolocaust MuseumAnna Frank HouseWar Memorial of KoreaCultural InstitutionsThis Strategy proposes thatWar MuseumsEstablish museums documenting the ravages of war in every major city, worldwide_0b8fa7a0-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.5.1MuseumsCitiesPeace & Justice Museums & LibrariesEstablished museums and libraries in major cities around the world to record and analyze the multi-splendored outcomes and accomplishments of peace and justice_0b8fab1a-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.5.2MuseumsLibrariesTechnology HistoryDisplay in science museums in every country the history of technology, such as the space age, that demonstrates the world-wide benefit of such activities for peaceful goals _0b8fadf4-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.5.3Science MuseumsArts & HumanitiesAwaken the world to the misery and obscenity of a world without peace_0b8fb4d4-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.6Pablo PicassoFamed artist Pablo Picasso once said, "I have never considered painting as a pleasure-giving art, a distraction; I have wanted, by drawing and painting,.. since those were my weapons, to advance even further in the knowledge of the world and of man. I have always believed, and still do believe that artists who live and work with spiritual values cannot...and should not remain indifferent in the face of a conflict where the highest values of humanity and civilization are at stake."And we all know the immense impact of Picasso's masterpiece, "Guernica," on the world's conscience, with it bold artistic reference to the German bombing of Guernica, Spain, in 1937.The arts and humanities have always reached our spirit in ways that ordinary hortatory cannot. Music stirs our souls, art inflames our conscience and our passions, and literature forces us to reflect... Since the arts cannot be commanded, only encouraged, I would like to urge artists around the globe, in all fields, to use their artistic gifts to awaken the world to the misery and obscenity of a world without peace.With great respect for artistic independence and integrity, this Strategy suggests one possible example:SculptureCreate a peace sculpture_0b8fb858-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c737.6.6.1ArtistsNobel Peace CommitteeWith enough sculptures, some could have a permanent home in a symbolic peace location, such as the Nobel Peace Committee's locale, while others could tour the world on a regular basis. The creation, by a group of collaborating artists, of a Peace Sculpture,composed of multiple life-size figures, with their arms raised to uphold afragile globe of peace. Implementation_c0349244-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c738A TWO-PRONGED IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY: CHAMPIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA -- There are two major components to this implementation plan: one part for launching the Strategy with the help of important champions; the second for spreading the word and creating an international groundswell. Global ChampionDesignate the Nobel Peace Committee as the global champion of the peace plan_c0349410-aded-11e7-9b26-6f91cf594c738.1Alfred B. NobelThe Nobel peace Prize has been awarded since 1901, in accordance with the wishes of Alfred B. Nobel, the Stockholm-born inventor of dynamite.Nobel specified that the prize for peace should be given to "the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." Nobel, a scientist, felt his invention of dynamite would have the deterrent effect of making war too dangerous to wage. Unfortunately, it had the opposite effect.Since the Connective Leadership Strategy for Global, Enduring, and Sustainable Peace and Equitable Prosperity directly addresses Nobel’s dedication to peace, it seems entirely appropriate that Nobel Peace CommitteeType I: The Global Champion: The Nobel Peace Committee -- Every strategy, in business and elsewhere, requires a "champion." I believe the most appropriate champion for this Connective Leadership Strategy for a Global, Enduring, and Sustainable Peace and Equitable Prosperity would be the Nobel Peace Committee, as designated in Alfred B. Nobel's will.StrategyRefine and expand the Connective Leadership Strategy for Global, Enduring, and Sustainable Peace and Equitable Prosperity._0b8fbb32-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c738.1.1Nobel Peace CommitteeThe Nobel Peace Committee should convene an inaugural GlobalConference, in Oslo, Norway, to refine and expand the proposedConnective Leadership Strategy for Global, Enduring, and Sustainable Peace and Equitable Prosperity.UN CountriesRepresentatives from the 193 currently existing UN countries should be invited to the Conference so that all countries, large and small, representing the greatest cultural and ethnic diversity, may participate in this global enterprise. Other countries, as well, should be invited. Nobel Prize LaureatesNobel Prize Laureates should be invited to take leading roles in these congresses. Implementation planDevelop an implementation plan_0b8fc0aa-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c738.1.2Nobel Peace CommitteeIn addition, the Nobel Peace Committee should develop a detailed implementation plan, with annual benchmarks for accomplishing eachcomponent in each country.ConferencesHold conferences every two years_0b8fc438-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c738.1.3Nobel Peace CommitteeThe Nobel Peace Committee should hold subsequent conferences every two years1) to assess the progress member nations have made on the Strategy and theImplementation Plan, and 2) to revise and supplement, where deemed necessary,both the Strategy and the Implementation Plan.Progress AssessmentAssess the progress member nations have made on the Strategy and theImplementation Plan_0b8fc726-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c738.1.3.1Revision & SupplementationRevise and supplement both the Strategy and the Implementation Plan_0b8fcca8-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c738.1.3.2Sectoral CommitteesAppoint International committees from every societal sector_0b8fd036-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c738.1.4Nobel Peace CommitteeEach International Sectoral Committee should include respectedchampions, including Nobel laureates, where appropriate, from withintheir own countries to give legitimacy and draw attention to the new peaceinitiatives for that sector.Given the international stature of the Nobel Peace Committee, with its long history of promoting peace activities, it is the natural and obvious choice to undertake the stewardship of this global strategy. Education SectorThe MediaBusiness SectorReligionsFoundationsMuseumsLibrariesHealth SectorScientistsArchitectsEngineersThe Nobel Peace Committee should appoint International Sectoral Committeesfrom every societal sector (i.e., government, including the military and thediplomatic sector, as well as education, the media, business, religion,foundations, museums and libraries, health, science, law, architecture, andengineering, etc.) to convene in Oslo in the intervening years to report progresson benchmarks, exchange ideas, and promote the development and adoption ofpeace-building strategies that promise success in their sector...ChampionsDesignate champions from each sector_0b8fd32e-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c738.2Sectoral ChampionsFor example, Warren Buffett would be an ideal choice for the business sector, German Chancellor Angela Merkel for government, Harvard President Drew Faust for higher education, etc.Type II: Sectoral Champions:Each sector, from government and business, to education and the religious sector, should have a well-known and exemplary champion from that sector, respect for whom would help to legitimate that sector's plan.Social MediaSpread the word through social media_0b8fda5e-afb6-11e7-b024-fdcad7594c738.3Social MediaYoung PeopleTechnology is free and available to every young person with a smart phone or laptop. It offers us an incredible and affordable means of spreading the word for global, enduring, and sustainable peace and keeping it in the public eye. I emphasize "young people," because it has always been the idealism of the young that propelled important social movements. So, it is highly appropriate that social media, an invention of the young for the young, is the "how" that will drive this Connective Leadership Strategy and help us succeed where success was not possible in the past.EveryoneBut this historic task will take every one of us, not just the young, working relentlessly, to achieve this noble goal. And social media has the potential to make our message "go viral."Part Two: Spreading the Word through Social Media -- A global strategy for peace may seem like "Mission Impossible," and time is not on our side. But technology, in the form of social media, is. And that will be a critical key to our success. If you have any doubts about the power of social media, consider how determined and desperate young people in the Middle East, using the internet and social media, sparked a contagious movement for freedom and choice. Not too long ago, that would have been impossible.In fact, until relatively recently, the technology to accomplish the task we are setting for ourselves did not exist. But today it does! We need to use this amazing complex of technological innovations to revitalize the global economy. We can do this by rethinking and then spreading the word about the task that every sector in society, in every nation, must undertake. The goal is peace, worldwide and enduring. We need to spread the word. There isn’t a minute to waste.In the past, peace movements have depended upon traditional media to broadcast their message, to ignite both our public conscience and the popular imagination. Unfortunately, the traditional media's interest has waxed and waned, as other more conflict-ridden, more pulse-racing events grabbed their attention. Corporate interests have also taken their toll on the media's focus on peace. Consequently, large peace movements, along with smaller efforts to gain peace, were held hostage by the media's fickle attention span. Perhaps, linking peace to prosperity will awaken the media to this twin imperative.Relentlessly and fortunately, times and technology have changed. Technology, in the guise of social media, has freed us from our dependence on traditional print and broadcast media. 2015-12-312017-10-12https://www.connectiveleadership.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/A-Connective-Leadership-Strategy-for-Global-and-Enduring-Peace-080416-New-Footnotes.pdfOwenAmburOwen.Ambur@verizon.net